Leptin and Female Reproductive Function

Abstract

Leptin is mainly synthesized by adipocytes and might represent the connecting link
between fatty tissue and brain. It informs neuroendocrine pathways about the status of
energy stores in adipose tissue. The integration of this peripheral signal in hypothalamic
networks results in activation of peripheral pathways that control energy build-up and
expenditure. It is also linked to a variety of reproductive processes in both animals and
humans. The relationships between leptin and obesity, puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome,
endometriosis, assisted fertility, and menopause are discussed. The role of leptin in fetal
physiology and in normal and abnormal fetal growth as well as its role in diabetes,
pregnancy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension are also reviewed.