Effect of Cancer and Its Treatment on Fertility and Fertility Preservation

Abstract

Many young people receive cancer therapy which effects their future reproductive function. Sperm cryopreservation can be easily undertaken in any post-pubertal male. Oocyte cryopreservation is only at an experimental level. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue with a view to maturing oocytes in vitro or in vivo appears to be a promising option for the future. Embryo cryopreservation is suitable for couples and is readily available and of proven effectiveness. If gonadal failure is already established, the use of donor sperm or donor oocytes is a relatively simple option. In the patients with premature gonadal failure, hormone replacement therapy should be recommended. Therefore, patients of reproductive age who are diagnosed with cancer should be informed of the long-term consequences of cancer and its therapy even if they do not readily ask for such information.