Round spermatid injection (ROSI) and elongated spermatid injection (ELSI)

Abstract

Micromanipulation of male gametes for treatment of male infertility is a rapidly moving field. Injection of the spermatids have been recently developed and achieved successful outcome in the past few years. Both round spermatids injection (ROSI) and elongated spermatids injection (ELSI) seem to play an important role in the treatment of non-bstructive azoospermia. However, many problems limiting success rates and hindering a wide application of this technique are still unresolved. This article therefore reviews the current knowledge of spermatids injection and its controversial issues.