Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Cystic Hygroma Colli

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the role of prenatal sonography in identifying characteristics of fetal cystic hygroma.

Subjects A total of 12 fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of cystic hygroma were evaluated and followed.

Results All cases were correctly diagnosed sonographically during the first half of pregnancy. All showed asymmetric, multiseptate cystic masses (mostly thin-walled) at posterolateral aspects of the neck. Midline septation representing the nuchal ligament extending from the posterior neck outlined by bilateral cysts were identified in all cases and may be the most specific sign for diagnosis of cystic hygroma. Fifty eight percent (7 cases) had already developed some degree of hydrops fetalis. Fifty eight percent (7 cases) had oligohydramnios and only one case had polyhydramnios. Chromosome studies were done in 7 fetuses, 3 had chromosomal abnormalities, 45 XO (2 cases) and trisomy 21 (1 case).

Conclusion This small series indicates that ultrasound had high predictive value in diagnosis of cystic hygroma. The most associated abnormalities were hydrops fetalis and oligohydramnios.