mRNA Expression Profiling in Hydatidiform Mole: Comparison between Pre-Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Moles and Remission Moles
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Abstract
Objectives: To explore potential mRNAs that can predict malignant transformation and identify mRNAs expression profile in complete hydatidiform mole.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted between complete hydatidiform moles that turned out to be postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (postmolar GTN) and complete hydatidiform moles that regressed spontaneously after evacuation (remission mole). We quantitatively assessed the expression of 770 human cancer genes from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens or fresh frozen tissues using Nanostring nCounter. The differentially expressed genes between postmolar GTN group and remission mole group were analyzed.
Results: There were 12 cases recruited in this study: 6 remission moles and 6 postmolar GTN. Seven hundred and seventy genes were analyzed showing 29 genes that were significantly different in GTN moles compared to the remission moles. Nine of these genes (JUN, COL4A6, SOCS3, PLA2G10, NFKBIZ, FGFR3, CACNA1D, FGF7 and PLAU) were significantly different for more than 2 folds. The JUN had the highest different ratio and the lowest p value when compared between 2 groups (3.26 folds, p = 0.003). After reviewing their functions, JUN plays a role in several cancer initiations. These genes are promising biomarkers for prediction of postmolar GTN.
Conclusion: The analysis of mRNA profiles can distinguish between complete hydatidiform moles that will remission from those that will turn out to postmolar GTN. We identified 29 genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups. The results lead to further investigations on candidate genes and could probably explain the mechanism of malignant transformation to postmolar GTN.
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