Anomalies Detected in Third Trimester – A prospective descriptive study
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Abstract
Objectives: To detect the incidence of structural anomalies diagnosed by third trimester ultrasound after a normal anomaly scan and classify them according to major organ systems and types.
Materials and Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study of antenatal women who had a negative second trimester anomaly screening with a newly detected fetal anomaly in the routine third trimester ultrasound conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Government Medical College, Kozhikode over a period of 18 months from September 2020 to February 2022. These women were followed-up till delivery and neonatal outcomes were measured.
Results: The incidence of congenital anomalies detected in third trimester was 0.7% (110 cases in 15,560 deliveries). Majority of them were of urogenital system (32.7%) followed by cardiovascular system (21.8%). Commonest anomaly detected was hydronephrosis, followed by congenital diaphragmatic hernia, ventricular septal defect, ventriculomegaly and corpus callosal agenesis.
Conclusion: The ultrasound examination of third trimester is of additional benefit and can detect previously undiagnosed fetal anomalies especially development dependant anomaly like agenesis of corpus callosum and progressing anomalies like gastrointestinal and skeletal anomaly. This can help in subsequent management including counselling of parents, planning of place, time, mode of delivery and also to plan neonatal interventions.
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