Rare variant of unicornuate uterus with functional uterine horn and ipsilateral renal agenesis: a case report
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Abstract
Background: A unicornuate uterus is a rare congenital malformation of the Mullerian duct caused by incomplete development of one duct, often associated with obstructive complications and renal anomalies.
Case presentation: A 12-year-old girl reported progressive left-sided lower abdominal pain and cyclical dysmenorrhea unresponsive to analgesics. Ultrasonography revealed hematometra, hematocolpos, and an absent left kidney. While MRI indicated a bicornuate uterus with hematometra, hematosalpinx, and a possible left endometriotic cyst, vaginoscopy showed a single right-sided cervix, ruling out hematocolpos. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed a right unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating functional left uterine horn, along with a left hematosalpinx and an endometriotic cyst. Surgical removal of the rudimentary horn, hematosalpinx, and endometriotic cyst was performed. The patient recovered well with relief of pain in subsequent menstrual cycles.
Conclusion: Early Ultrasound and MRI may facilitate the diagnosis, but laparoscopy provides definitive evaluation and management of such a rare congenital anomaly while preserving long-term reproductive health.
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