Health effects of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the origins and health impacts of exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), along with the legal regulatory measures for 9 specific types of VOCs, including Vinyl Chloride, 1,3 Butadiene, Dichloromethane, Chloroform, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Benzene, Trichloroethylene, 1,2-Dichloropropane, and Tetrachloroethylene. The study is based on a compilation of 12 sources, both domestically and internationally.
        The study's findings reveal that VOCs primarily originate from industrial factories involved in various production processes. They act as starting materials, solvents, and byproducts of manufacturing processes, as well as emissions from combustion processes, such as vehicle engines. Locations exceeding standard levels for volatile organic compounds are primarily found in Bangkok, followed by Rayong, Khon Kaen, and Chiang Mai.
         The VOCs that were found in the air exceeding standard levels include 1,3-Butadiene, Chloroform, 1,2-Dichloroethylene, and Benzene. The health impacts of exposure were identified as both acute and chronic, with three types of VOCs (Vinyl Chloride, 1,3 Butadiene, and Benzene) confirmed as Group 1 carcinogens in humans. Additionally, two types (Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene) were classified as Group 2A possible human carcinogens, and four types (Dichloromethane, Chloroform, 1,2-Dichloroethane, and 1,2-Dichloropropane) as Group 2B potentially carcinogenic.
        In conclusion, it is recommended to monitor and control emissions from industrial factories to prevent exceeding standard levels of pollutants. Furthermore, advocating for the use of electric vehicles over fossil fuel-based vehicles is suggested as a means to mitigate pollution at its source. This approach aligns with efforts to control pollution and encourages the use of more environmentally friendly transportation options.