Lung consolidations assessment and associated pathogens detection in slaughter-aged pigs in Chiang Mai - Lamphun, Thailand
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Published:
Apr 17, 2019
Keywords:
Pig Lung consolidation Lung scoring Slaughterhouse
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Abstract
Lung scoring assessment for consolidated lesions at the slaughtering level can be measured the severity of bacterial respiratory problem occurring at farm level. This study aims to evaluate the extent of lesion and identify the associated bacterial pathogens in slaughter-aged pigs using lung scoring and bacterial culture with PCR confirmation, respectively. The results obtained in this study could be applied in pig respiratory disease controls throughout the fattening period. From September 2016 to December 2016, a cross-sectional study was performed in 646 lung samples from 17 farm batches conducted across 3 slaughterhouses in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand. Three hundred and seventy-three (57.74%) of lung samples showed consolidation. The mean lung score for all lungs and consolidated lungs were 8.78 and 15.21, respectively. Forty-six randomly selected lung samples were tested for bacteria identification. Twenty, eleven and 13 samples tested positive for M. hyopneumoniae,M. hyorhinis and P. multocida type A, respectively. Seven lung samples had mixed infection. There was no significant difference between bacterial pathogen detected by PCR results and lung lesion score (p>0.05). This study concluded that bacterial pathogen-related pig respiratory problems are an important issue that warrants further study. Moreover, the bacterial pathogens identified from the affected lungs and vaccinated bacterins-type widely use in the area, were analogous. Strategies for bacterial pathogen control other than vaccination should be explored
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How to Cite
Tadee, P., To-in, P., Thongjamroon, J., Patchanee, P., Thongkamkoon, P., & Tadee, P. (2019). Lung consolidations assessment and associated pathogens detection in slaughter-aged pigs in Chiang Mai - Lamphun, Thailand. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 17(1), 1–10. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/vis/article/view/127690
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Research Articles
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Thongkamkoon, P., Narongsak, W., Kobayashi, H., Pathanasophon, P., Kishima, M. and Yamamoto, K. 2015. In vitro susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates and occurrence of fluoroquinolone, macrolides and lincomycin resistance. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 75, 1067-1070.
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Bousquet, E., Morvan, H., Aitken, I. and Morgan, J.H. 1997. Comparative in vitro activity of doxycycline and oxytetracycline against porcine respiratory pathogens. Vet. Rec. 141, 37–40.
Christensen, J. and Mousing, J. 1999. Diseases of the respiratory system. Iowa State: University Press.
Dean A G, Sullivan K M, Soe M M. Open source epidemiologic statistics for public health. [2017-01-23]. https://www.openepi.com.
Došen, R., Prodanov, J., Milanov, D., Stojanov, I. and Pušić, I. 2007. The bacterial infections of respiratory tract of swine. Biotech. Anim. Husbandry. 23, 237 – 243.
Fraile, L., Alegre, A., Lopez-Jimenez, R., Nofrarias, M. and Segales, J. 2010. Risk factors associated with pleuritis and cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation in slaughter-aged pigs. Vet. J. 184, 326–333.
Glisson, J.R. 2008. Pasteurellosis and others respiratory bacterial infection, Iowa State: Blackwell Publishing.
Grest, P., Keller, H., Sydler, T. and Pospischil, A. 1997. The prevalence of lung lesion in pigs at slaughter in Switzerland. Schweiz. Arch. Tierh. 139, 500–506.
João, X., Filho, O., Marcos, A.Z., Raquel Rebelatto, M., Alais, M.D., Camila, A., Plieski, L.A., Klein, S., Barcellos, D. and Morés, N. 2015. Pasteurella multocida type A as the primary agent of pneumonia and septicaemia in pigs. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 35, 716-724.
Kobayashi, H., Morozumi, T., Miyamoto, C., Shimizu, M., Yamada, S., Ohashi, S., Kubo. M., Kimura, K., Mitani, K., Ito, N., Yamamoto, K. 1996. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection levels in lungs of piglets with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). J. Vet. Med. Sci. 58, 109–113.
Maes, D., Segales, J., Meyns, T., Sibila, M. and Pieters, M. 2008. Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 126, 297-309.
Makhanon, M., Tummaruk, P., Thongkamkoon, P., Thanawongnuwech, R. and Prapasarakul, N. 2012. Comparison of detection procedures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in lungs, tonsils, and synovial fluid of slaughtered pigs and their distributions in Thailand. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44, 313-318.
Martelli, P., Terreni, M., Guazzetti, S. and Cavirani, S. 2006. Antibody Response to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Infection in vaccinated pigs with or without maternal antibodies induced by sow vaccination. J. Vet. Med. 53, 229–233.
Mattsson, J.G., Bergström, K., Wallgren, P. and Johansson, K.E. 1995. Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nose swabs from pigs by in vitro amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 893-897.
Morante, B.G., Segales, J., Fraile, L., Perez de Rozas, A., Maiti, H., Coll, T. and Sibila, M. 2015. Assessment of Mycoplasma hyopneumonia-induced pneumonia using different lung lesion scoring systems: a comparative reveiew. J. Comp. Pathol. 154, 125-134.
Otagiri, Y., Asai, T., Okada, M., Uto, T., Yazawa, S., Hiraki, H., Shibata, I. and Sato, S. 2005. Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lung and nasal swab samples from pigs by nested PCR and culture methods. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67, 801–805.
Palzer, A., Ritzmann, M., Wolf, G. and Heinritzi K. 2008. Associations between pathogens in healthy pigs and pigs with pneumonia. Vet. Rec. 162, 267–271.
Portis, E., Lindeman, C., Johansen, L. and Stoltman, G. 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from the United States and Canada, 2001 to 2010. J. Swine Health Prod. 21, 30-41.
Reynolds, S.C., St Aubin, L.B., Sabbadini, L.G., Kula, J., Vogelaar, J., Runnels, P. and Peter, A.R. 2009. Reduced lung lesion in pigs challenged 25 weeks after the administration of a single dose of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine at approximately 1 week of age. Vet. J. 181, 312–320.
Sibila, M., Nofrarı´as, M., Lo´pez-Soria, S., Segale´s, J., Valero, O., Espinal, A. and Calsamiglia, M. 2007. Chronological study of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, seroconversion and associated lung lesion in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 122, 97–107.
Sibila, M., Virginia, A., Lorenzo, F. and Joaquim S. 2014. Comparison of four lung scoring systems for the assessment of the pathological outcomes derived from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae experimental infections. BMC Vet. Res. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-165.
Stephen, W., Leen, V.B., Gillian, S., Paul, R., Lucas, T., Dan, F. and Jeremy, S. 2013. Vaccination of piglets up to 1 week of age with a single-dose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine induces protective immunity within 2 weeks against virulent challenge in the presence of maternally derived antibodies. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 20, 720–724.
Straw, B.E., Tuovinen, V.K. and Bigras-Poulin, M. 1989. Estimation of the cost of pneumonia in swine herds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 195, 1702-1706.
Thongkamkoon, P., Narongsak, W., Kobayashi, H., Pathanasophon, P., Kishima, M. and Yamamoto, K. 2015. In vitro susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates and occurrence of fluoroquinolone, macrolides and lincomycin resistance. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 75, 1067-1070.
Townsend, K.M., Boyce, J.D., Chung, J.Y., Frost, A.J. and Adler, B. 2001. Genetic organization of Pasteurella multocida capl and development of a multiplex capsular PCR typing system. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 924-929.
Van Staaveren, N., Vale, A., Manzanilla, E.G., Hanlon, A. and Boyle, LA 2016. Relationship between tail lesions and lung health in Irish slaughter pigs. Prev. Vet. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.004, 2016.