Effect of organic acid product in diets on growth performance in weaning pigs
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Published:
Apr 29, 2016
Keywords:
Organic acid Growth performance Fecal score Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine effects of organic acid products in diets on growth performance and fecal score in weaning pigs. Additionally, the minimal inhibitory concentration level (MIC) of each antimicrobial against Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from feces were also perceived. Seventy-five crossbred-weaned pigs (Large white × Landrace × Duroc) were conducted. Weaned pigs were divided into 3 groups by Completely Random Design (CRD), including control group, which was fed with commercial feed without organic acids and two treatment groups, which were fed the commercial feed with 1 kg organic acids/ton feed supplementation and with 2 kg organic acids/ton feed supplementation, respectively. The results showed that effectiveness of organic acids-adding feed on growth performances were not significantly different between groups (p>0.05) and no significant difference were observed between the different groups for fecal score (p>0.05), as well. However, MIC levels of most antimicrobial agents against E. coli on the day 28 of treatment and day 0 were significant different (p<0.01).
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How to Cite
Sitthitan, S., Luangtaweepon, P., Patchanee, P., & Tadee, P. (2016). Effect of organic acid product in diets on growth performance in weaning pigs. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 14(1), 47–60. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/vis/article/view/146203
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Research Articles
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References
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Canibe, N., Pedersen, A. Ø., & Jensen, B. B., 2010. Impact of acetic acid concentration of fermented liquid feed on growth performance of piglets. Livest. Sci. 133, 117–119.
Che, T. M., Adeola, O., Azain, M. J., 2012. Effect of dietary Acids on growth performance of nursery Pigs: A Cooperative Study. J. Anim. Sci. 90, 4408–4413.
De Busser, E. V., Dewulf, J., Zutter, L. D., Haesebrouck, F., Callens, J., Meyns, T., Maes, W. & Maes, D., 2011. Effect of administration of organic acids in drinking water on faecal shedding of E. coli, performance parameters and health in nursery pigs. Vet. J. 188, 184–188.
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Falkowski, J. F., & Aherne, F. X., 1984. Fumaric and citric acid as feed additives in starter pig nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. 58, 935–938.
Franco, L. D., Fondevila, M., Lobera, M. B., & Castrillo, C., 2005. Effect of combinations of organic acids in weaned pig diets on microbial species of digestive tract contents and their response on digestibility. J. Anim. Physiol. An. N. 89, 88–93.
Gong, J., Yu, H., Liu, T., Li, M., Si, W., de Lange, C. F. M., & Dewey, C., 2008. Characterization of ileal bacterial microbiota in newly-weaned pigs in response to feeding lincomycin, organic acids or herbal extract. Livest. Sci. 116, 318–322.
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Partanen, K. H., &Mroz, Z., 1999. Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutr. Res. Rev. 12, 117–145.
Partanen, K., Jalava, T., Valaja, J., Perttilä, S., Siljander-Rasi, H., &Lindeberg, H. ,2001. Effect of dietary carbadox or formic acid and fibre level on ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility and microbial metabolite concentrations in ilealdigesta of the pig. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech. 93, 137–155.
Partanen, K., Siljander-Rasi, H., Alaviuhkola, T., Suomi, K., &Fossi, M., 2002. Performance of growing– finishing pigs fed medium- or high-fibre diets supplemented with avilamycin, formic acid or formic acid–sorbate blend. Livest. Prod. Sci. 73, 139–152.
Partanen, K., Siljander-Rasi, H., Pentikäinen, J., Pelkonen, S., &Fossi, M., 2007. Effects of weaning age and formic acid-based feed additives on pigs from weaning to slaughter. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 61, 336–356.
Phillips, I., Casewell, M., Cox, T., De Groot, B., Friis, C., Jones, R., Nightingale, C., Preston, R. & Waddell, J. ,2004. Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth. 53, 28–52.
Skrivanová, E., Marounek, M., Benda, V., &Brezina, P., 2006. Susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Clostridium perfringens to organic acids and monolaurin. [Online] available http://publikace.k.utb.cz/handle/10563/1002073 (19 Nov 2015) Stapley, E. O., 1958. Cross-Resistance Studies and Antibiotic Identification. Appl. Microbiol. 6, 392– 398.
Tsiloyiannis, V. K., Kyriakis, S. C., Vlemmas, J., & Sarris, K., 2001. The effect of organic acids on the control of porcine post-weaning diarrhoea. Res. Vet. Sci. 70, 287–293.
van den Bogaard, A. E., & Stobberingh, E. E., 1999. Antibiotic usage in animals: impact on bacterial resistance and public health. Drugs. 58, 589– 607.
Weber, N., Nielsen, J. P., Jakobsen, A. S., Pedersen, L.-L., Hansen, C. F., & Pedersen, K. S., 2015. Occurrence of diarrhoea and intestinal pathogens in non-medicated nursery pigs. Acta. Vet. Scand. 57-64.
Zhang, W., Zhao, M., Ruesch, L., Omot, A., & Francis, D., 2007. Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with diarrhea in the US. Vet. Microbiol. 123, 145–152.
Aubry-Damon, H., Grenet, K., Sall-Ndiaye, P., Che, D., Cordeiro, E., Bougnoux, M.-E., igaud, E., Le Strat, Y., Lemanissier, V., Armand-Lefèvre, L., Delzescaux, D., Desenclos, J.C., Liénard, M. & Andremont, A., 2004. Antimicrobial resistance in commensal flora of pig farmers. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10, 873–879.
Calveyra, J. C., Nogueira, M. G., Kich, J. D., Biesus, L. L., Vizzotto, R., Berno, L., Coldebella, A., Lopes, L., Morés, N., Lima, G.J. & Cardoso, M., 2012. Effect of organic acids and mannanoligosaccharide on excretion of Salmonella Typhimurium in experimentally infected growing pigs. Res. Vet. Sci. 93, 46–47.
Canibe, N., Pedersen, A. Ø., & Jensen, B. B., 2010. Impact of acetic acid concentration of fermented liquid feed on growth performance of piglets. Livest. Sci. 133, 117–119.
Che, T. M., Adeola, O., Azain, M. J., 2012. Effect of dietary Acids on growth performance of nursery Pigs: A Cooperative Study. J. Anim. Sci. 90, 4408–4413.
De Busser, E. V., Dewulf, J., Zutter, L. D., Haesebrouck, F., Callens, J., Meyns, T., Maes, W. & Maes, D., 2011. Effect of administration of organic acids in drinking water on faecal shedding of E. coli, performance parameters and health in nursery pigs. Vet. J. 188, 184–188.
De Busser, E. V., De Zutter, L., Dewulf, J., Houf, K., & Maes, D., 2013. Salmonella control in live pigs and at slaughter. Vet. J. 196, 20–27.
Falkowski, J. F., & Aherne, F. X., 1984. Fumaric and citric acid as feed additives in starter pig nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. 58, 935–938.
Franco, L. D., Fondevila, M., Lobera, M. B., & Castrillo, C., 2005. Effect of combinations of organic acids in weaned pig diets on microbial species of digestive tract contents and their response on digestibility. J. Anim. Physiol. An. N. 89, 88–93.
Gong, J., Yu, H., Liu, T., Li, M., Si, W., de Lange, C. F. M., & Dewey, C., 2008. Characterization of ileal bacterial microbiota in newly-weaned pigs in response to feeding lincomycin, organic acids or herbal extract. Livest. Sci. 116, 318–322.
Grilli, E., Messina, M. R., Tedeschi, M., & Piva, A., 2010. Feeding a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and nature identical compounds to weaning pigs improved growth performance and intestinal metabolism. Livest. Sci. 133, 173– 175.
Guardabassi L., Jensen B.L. and Kruse H., 2008. Guide to Antimicrobial Use in Animals, Oxford, UK; Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Plub. Hansen, C. F., Riis, A. L., Bresson, S., Højbjerg, O., & Jensen, B. B., 2007. Feeding organic acids enhances the barrier function against pathogenic bacteria of the piglet stomach. Livest. Sci. 108, 206–209.
Ingkaninun, P., Yoosoong, S. & Phrakaiya J. 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ampicillin, enrofloxacin and cephalexin againts dog‘s intestinal Escherichia coli after treatment with antimicrobial drugs. Chiang Mai Vet. J. 1, 21-32. (in Thai)
Jongbloed, A. W., Mroz, Z., van der Weij-Jongbloed, R., &Kemme, P. A., 2000. The effects of microbial phytase, organic acids and their interaction in diets for growing pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 67, 113–122.
Kim, Y. Y., Kil, D. Y., Oh, H. K., & Han, I. K., 2005. Acidifier as an alternative material to antibiotics in animal feed. Asian Austral. J. Anim. 18, 1048–1060.
Knarreborg, A., Miquel, N., Granli, T., & Jensen, B. B., 2002. Establishment and application of an in vitro methodology to study the effects of organic acids on coliform and lactic acid bacteria in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech. 99, 131–140.
Kroll, R. G. & Booth I. R. 1983. The relationship between intracellular pH, the pH gradient and potasiumtransport in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 216, 709-716.
Manzanilla, E. G., Perez, J. F., Martin, M., Kamel, C., Baucells, F., & Gasa, J., 2004. Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 3210–3218.
Martín-Peláez, S., Costabile, A., Hoyles, L., Rastall, R. A., Gibson, G. R., La Ragione, R. M., Woodward, M.J., Mateu, E. & Martín-Orúe, S. M., 2010. Evaluation of the inclusion of a mixture of organic acids or lactulose into the feed of pigs experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet. Microbiol. 142, 337–345.
Partanen, K. H., &Mroz, Z., 1999. Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutr. Res. Rev. 12, 117–145.
Partanen, K., Jalava, T., Valaja, J., Perttilä, S., Siljander-Rasi, H., &Lindeberg, H. ,2001. Effect of dietary carbadox or formic acid and fibre level on ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility and microbial metabolite concentrations in ilealdigesta of the pig. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech. 93, 137–155.
Partanen, K., Siljander-Rasi, H., Alaviuhkola, T., Suomi, K., &Fossi, M., 2002. Performance of growing– finishing pigs fed medium- or high-fibre diets supplemented with avilamycin, formic acid or formic acid–sorbate blend. Livest. Prod. Sci. 73, 139–152.
Partanen, K., Siljander-Rasi, H., Pentikäinen, J., Pelkonen, S., &Fossi, M., 2007. Effects of weaning age and formic acid-based feed additives on pigs from weaning to slaughter. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 61, 336–356.
Phillips, I., Casewell, M., Cox, T., De Groot, B., Friis, C., Jones, R., Nightingale, C., Preston, R. & Waddell, J. ,2004. Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth. 53, 28–52.
Skrivanová, E., Marounek, M., Benda, V., &Brezina, P., 2006. Susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Clostridium perfringens to organic acids and monolaurin. [Online] available http://publikace.k.utb.cz/handle/10563/1002073 (19 Nov 2015) Stapley, E. O., 1958. Cross-Resistance Studies and Antibiotic Identification. Appl. Microbiol. 6, 392– 398.
Tsiloyiannis, V. K., Kyriakis, S. C., Vlemmas, J., & Sarris, K., 2001. The effect of organic acids on the control of porcine post-weaning diarrhoea. Res. Vet. Sci. 70, 287–293.
van den Bogaard, A. E., & Stobberingh, E. E., 1999. Antibiotic usage in animals: impact on bacterial resistance and public health. Drugs. 58, 589– 607.
Weber, N., Nielsen, J. P., Jakobsen, A. S., Pedersen, L.-L., Hansen, C. F., & Pedersen, K. S., 2015. Occurrence of diarrhoea and intestinal pathogens in non-medicated nursery pigs. Acta. Vet. Scand. 57-64.
Zhang, W., Zhao, M., Ruesch, L., Omot, A., & Francis, D., 2007. Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with diarrhea in the US. Vet. Microbiol. 123, 145–152.