Nasal cancer in dog: diagnosis and treatment options
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Abstract
Nasal cancer is not commonly found in dog but the quality of life for affected dogs is deteriorated. Cancer obstructed the nasal cavities, therefore, dogs show signs of dyspnea, chronic epistaxis, and neurological disorder in the advanced stage. The diagnosis of this cancer is diffi cult. Many modalities must be used in order to confi rm the diagnosis especially history taking, physical examination, advanced diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, rhinoscopy and biopsy for histopathological examination. Treatment options for nasal cancer are limited because this type of cancer is not well-response to chemotherapy. Generally, nasal cancer is locally invaded into adjacent structure so it is less possible to complete surgical removal. At present, standard care for nasal cancer is radiation therapy alone or radiation with surgery or radiation with chemotherapy which provides longer survival time and increase quality of life.
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