Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from healthy dogs and healthy cats in a small animal teaching hospital
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Published:
Aug 29, 2014
Keywords:
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius methicillin resistance SCCmec type dog cat
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) at nasal cavity and perineum in healthy dogs and cats entering the veterinary small animal teaching hospital of Mahanakorn University of Technology including characterize staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type of MRSP isolates. Samples were obtained from 23 healthy dogs and 23 healthy cats. The bacteria were cultured and identifi ed by their unique biochemical profi le and RFLP. Methicillin resistant trait was initially detected by oxacillin disk screening and confi rmed the existence of mecA by PCR. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of MRSP were characterized by two multiplex PCRs detection the mec gene complex and the ccr gene complex. The results showed that the prevalence of MRSP in dogs and cats are equal to 4.3% and also are multidrug-resistant to other antibiotic classes. The two MRSP isolates possessed mecA gene with non-typeable SCC due to lack of the ccr region.
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Tonpitak, W., & Sornklien, C. (2014). Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from healthy dogs and healthy cats in a small animal teaching hospital. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 12(2), 95–105. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/vis/article/view/146550
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Research Articles
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References
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Bannoehr, J., Franco, A., Iurescia, M., Battisti, A. & Fitzgerald, J.R. (2009). Molecular diagnostic identifi cation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(2), 469-471.
Berglund, C., Ito, T., Ikeda, M., Ma, X.X., Söderquist, B. et al. (2008). Novel type of staphylococcal chromosome mec in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated in Sweden. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(10), 3512-3516.
Chanchaithong, P. &Prapasarakul, N. (2011). Biochemical markers and protein pattern analysis for canine coagulase-positive staphylococci and their distribution on dog skin. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 86(2), 175-181.
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (2008). Performance standard for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals. M31-A3.
CLSI Standards and Guidelines. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (2013). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. M100-S23.
CLSI Standards and Guidelines. Wayne, PA. Devriese, L.A., Vancanneyt, M., Baele, M., Vaneechoutte, M., De Graef, E., Snauwaert et al. 2005. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sp. nov., a coagulase-positive species from animals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55(4), 1569-1573.
Fazakerley, J., Nuttall, T., Sales, D., Schmidt, V., Carter, S.D. et al. (2009). Staphylococcal colonization of mucosal and lesional skin sites in atopic and healthy dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 20(3), 179-184.
Feng, Y., Tian, W., Lin, D., Luo, Q., Zhou, et al. (2012). Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in pets from South China. Veterinary Microbiology, 160(3-4), 517-524.
Gómez-Sanz, E., Torres, C., Lozano, C., Sáenz, Y. &Zarazaga, M. (2011). Detection and characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in healthy dogs in La Riojo, Spain. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 34(5), 447-453.
Griffeth, G.C., Morris, D.O., Abraham, J.L., Shofer, F.S. and Rankin, S.C. (2008). Screening for skin carriage of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci and Staphylococcus schleiferi in dogs with healthy and infl amed skin. Veterinary Dermatology, 19(3), 142-149.
Hanselman, B.A., Kruth, S.A., Rousseau, J. &Weese, J.S. (2009). Coagulase positive staphylococcal colonization of humans and their household pets. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(9), 954-958.
Ito, T., Ma, X.X., Takeuchi, K., Okuma, H., Yuzawa, H. et al., (2004). Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC. Antimicrobial Agents and chemotherapy, 48(7), 2637-2651.
Kondo, Y., Tyo, T., Ma, X.X., Watanabe, S.,Kreiswirth, B.N. et al. (2007). Combination of multiplex PCRs for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type assignment: rapid identifi cation system for mec, ccr and major differences in junkyard regions. Antimicrobial Agents and chemotherapy, 51(1), 264-274.
Lulitanond, A., Chanawong, A., Sribenjalux, P., Walailuckana, C., Kaewkes, W. et al. (2010). Preliminary report of SCCmec-types and antimicrobial susceptibilities of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a university hospital in Thailand. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41(4), 920-927.
Oliveira, D.C., Milheirico, C. & de Lencastre H. (2006). Redefi ning a structural variant of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, SCCmec Type VI. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50(10), 3457 3459.
Onuma, K., Tanabe, T. &Sato, H. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from healthy dogs and dogs affected with pyoderma in Japan. Veterinary Dermatology,23(1), 17-22.
Paul, N.C., Bärgman, S.C., Moodley, A., Nielsen, SS. &Guardabassi L. (2012). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius colonization patterns and strain diversity in healthy dogs: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Veterinary Microbiology, 160(3-4), 420 427.
Perreten, V., Chanchaithong, P., Prapasaraku,l N., Rossano, A., Blum, S.E. et al. (2013). Novel pseudo Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element ( SCCmec 57395) in methicillin-resistant Staphylooccus pseudintermedius CC45. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemo therapy, 57(11), 5509-5515.
Perreten, V., Kadlec, K., Schwarz, S., Andersson, U.G., Finn, M., Greko, C., et al. (2010). Clonal spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Europe and North America: an international multicentre study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65(6), 1145-1154.
Rubin, J.E. &Chirino-Trejo, M. (2011). Prevalence, sites of colonization, and antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from healthy dogs in Saskatoon, Canada. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 23(2), 351-354.
Schissler, J.R., Hillier A., Daniels, J.B., Cole, L.K. &Gebreyes, W.A. (2009). Evaluation of clinical laboratory standards institute interpretive criteria for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 21(5), 684-688.
Schwarz, S., Kadlec, K. &Strommenger, B. (2008). Methicillin –resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudinter medius detected in the BfT-Germ Vet monitoring programme 2004-2006 in Germany. Journal of Antimicrobial Che motherapy, 61(2), 282-285.
Shanshuang, L, Skov, R.L., Han, X., Larsen, A.R., Larsen, J. et al. (2011). Novel types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements identifi ed in clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55(6), 3046-3050.
Soedamanto, I., Kanbar, T., Ülbegi-Mohyla, H., Hijazin, M., Alber, J., Lämmler, C. et al. (2011). Genetic relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from a dog the dog owner. Research of Veterinary Science, 91(3), e25-27.
Tonpitak, W. (2013). Development of Staphy lococcal cassette chromosome mec assay of Type I to X based on themec- and the ccr-gene complexes by two multiplex PCRs and one simple PCR.Proceedings of the 7th MUT Veterinary Annual Conference, Bangkok, 22th November 2013. pp. 67-70.
Tonpitak, W., Sornklien, C. &Suwannakhen, S. (2010). Detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus sp. by simple polymerase chain reaction. Proceedings of the 4th MUT Veterinary Annual Conference. Bangkok, 26th November 2010.pp.148 149.
Turlej, A., Hryniewicz, W. &Empel, J. (2011). Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) classifi cation and typing methods: an overview. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 60(2), 95-103.
Van Duijkeren, E., Catry, B., Greko, C., Moreno, M.A., Pomba, M.C., Pyörälä, S. et al.(2011a). Review on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66(2), 2705-2714.
Van Duijkeren, E., Kamphuos, M., Van der Mije, I.C., Laarhoven, L.M., Duim, B., Wagenaar, J.A. et al. (2011b). Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius between infected dogs and cats and contact pets, humans and the environment in households and veterinary clinics. Veterinary of Microbiology, 150(3-4), 338-343.
Van Hoovels, L., Vankeerberghen, A., Boel, A., Van Vaerenbergh, K. & de Beenhouwer, H. (2006). First case of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infection in a human. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44(12), 4609-4612.
Weese, J.S. & van Duijkeren E. (2010). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Microbiology, 140(3-4), 418-429.
Wettstein, K., Descloux, S. Rossano, A. &Perreten V. (2008). Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Switzerland. Three cases of urinary tract infections in cats. Schweizer Archievfür Tierheilkunde, 150(7), 339-343.
Youn, J.H., Koo, H.C., Ahn, K.J., Lim, S.K. & Park. Y.H. (2011).Determination of staphylococcal exotoxins, SCCmec types, and genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus intermedius group isolates from veterinary staff, companion animals and hospital environments in Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science, 12(3), 221-226.
Zhang, K., McClure J.A., Elsayed, S. & Conly, J.M. (2009). Novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type, tentatively designated type VIII, harboring class A mec and type 4 ccr gene complexes in a Canadian epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 53(2), 531-540.
Bannoehr, J., Franco, A., Iurescia, M., Battisti, A. & Fitzgerald, J.R. (2009). Molecular diagnostic identifi cation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(2), 469-471.
Berglund, C., Ito, T., Ikeda, M., Ma, X.X., Söderquist, B. et al. (2008). Novel type of staphylococcal chromosome mec in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated in Sweden. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(10), 3512-3516.
Chanchaithong, P. &Prapasarakul, N. (2011). Biochemical markers and protein pattern analysis for canine coagulase-positive staphylococci and their distribution on dog skin. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 86(2), 175-181.
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (2008). Performance standard for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals. M31-A3.
CLSI Standards and Guidelines. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (2013). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. M100-S23.
CLSI Standards and Guidelines. Wayne, PA. Devriese, L.A., Vancanneyt, M., Baele, M., Vaneechoutte, M., De Graef, E., Snauwaert et al. 2005. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sp. nov., a coagulase-positive species from animals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55(4), 1569-1573.
Fazakerley, J., Nuttall, T., Sales, D., Schmidt, V., Carter, S.D. et al. (2009). Staphylococcal colonization of mucosal and lesional skin sites in atopic and healthy dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 20(3), 179-184.
Feng, Y., Tian, W., Lin, D., Luo, Q., Zhou, et al. (2012). Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in pets from South China. Veterinary Microbiology, 160(3-4), 517-524.
Gómez-Sanz, E., Torres, C., Lozano, C., Sáenz, Y. &Zarazaga, M. (2011). Detection and characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in healthy dogs in La Riojo, Spain. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 34(5), 447-453.
Griffeth, G.C., Morris, D.O., Abraham, J.L., Shofer, F.S. and Rankin, S.C. (2008). Screening for skin carriage of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci and Staphylococcus schleiferi in dogs with healthy and infl amed skin. Veterinary Dermatology, 19(3), 142-149.
Hanselman, B.A., Kruth, S.A., Rousseau, J. &Weese, J.S. (2009). Coagulase positive staphylococcal colonization of humans and their household pets. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(9), 954-958.
Ito, T., Ma, X.X., Takeuchi, K., Okuma, H., Yuzawa, H. et al., (2004). Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC. Antimicrobial Agents and chemotherapy, 48(7), 2637-2651.
Kondo, Y., Tyo, T., Ma, X.X., Watanabe, S.,Kreiswirth, B.N. et al. (2007). Combination of multiplex PCRs for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type assignment: rapid identifi cation system for mec, ccr and major differences in junkyard regions. Antimicrobial Agents and chemotherapy, 51(1), 264-274.
Lulitanond, A., Chanawong, A., Sribenjalux, P., Walailuckana, C., Kaewkes, W. et al. (2010). Preliminary report of SCCmec-types and antimicrobial susceptibilities of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a university hospital in Thailand. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41(4), 920-927.
Oliveira, D.C., Milheirico, C. & de Lencastre H. (2006). Redefi ning a structural variant of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, SCCmec Type VI. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50(10), 3457 3459.
Onuma, K., Tanabe, T. &Sato, H. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from healthy dogs and dogs affected with pyoderma in Japan. Veterinary Dermatology,23(1), 17-22.
Paul, N.C., Bärgman, S.C., Moodley, A., Nielsen, SS. &Guardabassi L. (2012). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius colonization patterns and strain diversity in healthy dogs: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Veterinary Microbiology, 160(3-4), 420 427.
Perreten, V., Chanchaithong, P., Prapasaraku,l N., Rossano, A., Blum, S.E. et al. (2013). Novel pseudo Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element ( SCCmec 57395) in methicillin-resistant Staphylooccus pseudintermedius CC45. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemo therapy, 57(11), 5509-5515.
Perreten, V., Kadlec, K., Schwarz, S., Andersson, U.G., Finn, M., Greko, C., et al. (2010). Clonal spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Europe and North America: an international multicentre study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65(6), 1145-1154.
Rubin, J.E. &Chirino-Trejo, M. (2011). Prevalence, sites of colonization, and antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from healthy dogs in Saskatoon, Canada. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 23(2), 351-354.
Schissler, J.R., Hillier A., Daniels, J.B., Cole, L.K. &Gebreyes, W.A. (2009). Evaluation of clinical laboratory standards institute interpretive criteria for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 21(5), 684-688.
Schwarz, S., Kadlec, K. &Strommenger, B. (2008). Methicillin –resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudinter medius detected in the BfT-Germ Vet monitoring programme 2004-2006 in Germany. Journal of Antimicrobial Che motherapy, 61(2), 282-285.
Shanshuang, L, Skov, R.L., Han, X., Larsen, A.R., Larsen, J. et al. (2011). Novel types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements identifi ed in clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55(6), 3046-3050.
Soedamanto, I., Kanbar, T., Ülbegi-Mohyla, H., Hijazin, M., Alber, J., Lämmler, C. et al. (2011). Genetic relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from a dog the dog owner. Research of Veterinary Science, 91(3), e25-27.
Tonpitak, W. (2013). Development of Staphy lococcal cassette chromosome mec assay of Type I to X based on themec- and the ccr-gene complexes by two multiplex PCRs and one simple PCR.Proceedings of the 7th MUT Veterinary Annual Conference, Bangkok, 22th November 2013. pp. 67-70.
Tonpitak, W., Sornklien, C. &Suwannakhen, S. (2010). Detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus sp. by simple polymerase chain reaction. Proceedings of the 4th MUT Veterinary Annual Conference. Bangkok, 26th November 2010.pp.148 149.
Turlej, A., Hryniewicz, W. &Empel, J. (2011). Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) classifi cation and typing methods: an overview. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 60(2), 95-103.
Van Duijkeren, E., Catry, B., Greko, C., Moreno, M.A., Pomba, M.C., Pyörälä, S. et al.(2011a). Review on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66(2), 2705-2714.
Van Duijkeren, E., Kamphuos, M., Van der Mije, I.C., Laarhoven, L.M., Duim, B., Wagenaar, J.A. et al. (2011b). Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius between infected dogs and cats and contact pets, humans and the environment in households and veterinary clinics. Veterinary of Microbiology, 150(3-4), 338-343.
Van Hoovels, L., Vankeerberghen, A., Boel, A., Van Vaerenbergh, K. & de Beenhouwer, H. (2006). First case of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infection in a human. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44(12), 4609-4612.
Weese, J.S. & van Duijkeren E. (2010). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Microbiology, 140(3-4), 418-429.
Wettstein, K., Descloux, S. Rossano, A. &Perreten V. (2008). Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Switzerland. Three cases of urinary tract infections in cats. Schweizer Archievfür Tierheilkunde, 150(7), 339-343.
Youn, J.H., Koo, H.C., Ahn, K.J., Lim, S.K. & Park. Y.H. (2011).Determination of staphylococcal exotoxins, SCCmec types, and genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus intermedius group isolates from veterinary staff, companion animals and hospital environments in Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science, 12(3), 221-226.
Zhang, K., McClure J.A., Elsayed, S. & Conly, J.M. (2009). Novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type, tentatively designated type VIII, harboring class A mec and type 4 ccr gene complexes in a Canadian epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 53(2), 531-540.