Fasciola gigantica: worm recovery rate and adult maturity in experimental host, dwarf hamster infection
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present study was conducted to observe the worm recovery rate and adult maturity of Fasciola gigantica, which is plant-borne trematode of ruminants and humans. Adult worms that infect the liver of a host are mainly a causative agent of hepatic damage, which can have a serious impact on the health of the host. Sixteen dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) were used in this study as the experimental host. Thirty experimental encysted metacercariae were force fed to each mouse and were then sacrificed every 3 days post-infection (PI). Adult worms were observed in the intestine and liver, and then worm recovery and adult maturity were investigated. The The present study was conducted to observe the worm recovery rate and adult maturity of Fasciola gigantica, which is plant-borne trematode of ruminants and humans. Adult worms that infect the liver of a host are mainly a causative agent of hepatic damage, which can have a serious impact on the health of the host. Sixteen dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) were used in this study as the experimental host. Thirty experimental encysted metacercariae were force fed to each mouse and were then sacrificed every 3 days post-infection (PI). Adult worms were observed in the intestine and liver, and then worm recovery and adult maturity were investigated. The results showed that metacercariae were excysted to young adult worms and were recovered in the intestine on days 3 and 6 PI, and until day 9 PI when they were found in the liver of the hosts. Incidence of parasitic infestation was found to be 100% and the average worm recovery rate was 36.00%. The worm recovery rate continuously decreased until day 45 PI. The highest and lowest worm recovery rates were 53.33% on days 3 and 9 PI, and 13.33% on day 45 PI, respectively. In an investigation of the development of the F. gigantica it was found that in accordance with the size of the body, the size of the oral and ventral suckers were also proportionally increased. The specific sizes of body were 0.24 x 0.42 mm. (day 3 PI) and 3.80 x 13.90 mm. (day 45 PI). Additionally, genital pores were discovered on day 9 PI, and caeca were found on day 18 PI, while, testes and ovary were discovered on day 27 PI and developed maturely on day 39 PI. Immature eggs were discovered on day 42 PI, which indicated that this was the point that the parasites began to mature. However, the dwarf hamsters died on day 45 PI. Therefore, it can be confirmed that F. gigantica metacercariae that were derived from experimental encystment could infect and develop within dwarf hamsters. This result can be applied for the treatment, monitoring, management and control program of this parasite and then be applied in other experimental hosts.
Article Details
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Dar, Y., Vignoles, P., Rondelaud, D., & Dreyfuss, G. (2003). Fasciola gigantica: larval productivity of three different miracidial isolates in the snail Lymnaea truncatula. Journal of Helminthology, 77, 11–14.
Dar, Y., Vignoles, P., Rondelaud, D., & Dreyfuss, G. (2004). Larval productivity of Fasciola gigantica in two lymnaeid snails. Journal of Helminthology, 78, 215–218.
Dargie, J. D. (1987). The impact on production and mechanisms of pathogenesis of trematode infections in cattle against infections in cattle and sheep. International Journal of Parasitology, 17, 453–463.
Davies, C., & Smyth, J. D. (1978). In vitro cultivation of Fasciola hepatica metacercaria and of partially developed flukes recovered from mice. International Journal for Parasitology, 8, 125-131.
Dawes, B. (1962). On the growth and maturation of Fasciola hepatica in the mouse. Journal of Helminthology, XXXVI (1/2), 11-38.
Foreyt, W. J., & Drew, M. L. (2010). Experimental infection of liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna, in bison (Bison bison). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 46 (1), 283-286.
Garg, R., Yadav, C. L., Kumar, R. R., Banerjee, P. S., Vatsya, S. & Godara, R. (2009). The epidemiology of fasciolosis in ruminants in different geo-climatic regions of north India. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41, 1695–1700.
Keiser, J., Shu-Hua, X., Jian, X., Zhen-San, C., Odermatt, P., Tesana, S., Tanner, M. & Utzinger J. (2006). Effect of artesunate and artemether against Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini in rodent models. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 28, 370-373.
Maqbool, A., Hayat, C. S., Akhtar, T. & Hashmi, H. A. (2002). Epidemiology of fasciolosis in buffaloes under different managemental conditions. Veterinarski Arhiv, 72(4), 221-228.
Mas-Coma, S. & Bargues, M. D. (1997). Human liver flukes: a review. Research and Review in Parasitology, 57, 145–218.
Opera, K. N. (2005). Population dynamics of Fasciola gigantica in cattle slaughtered in Uyo, Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 37, 363-368.
Rakotondravao, Moukrim, A., Hourdin, P. & Rondelaud, D. (1992). Radial generations of Fasciola gigantica in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea truncatula. Journal of Helminthology, 66, 159–166.
Sobhon, P., Anantavara, S., Dangprasert, T., Viyanant, V., Krailas, D., Upatham, E. S., Wanischanon C. & Kusamran, T. (1998). Fasciola gigantica: studies of the tegument as a basis for the developments of immunodiagnosis and vaccine. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine Public Health, 29, 387–400.
Sukhapesna, V., Tantasuwan, D., Sarataphan, N. & Imsup, K. (1994). Economic impact of fascioliasis in buffalo production. Journal of Thai Veterinary Medicine Associate, 45, 45-52.
Taira, K., & Saitoh, Y. (2010). Estimated egg production of Fasciola gigantica (Japanese strain) in goats experimental infected with 50 metacercariae. Helminthologia, 47(4), 199-203.
Tsegaye, E., Begna, F. & Mulugeta, S. (2011). Prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and its economic significance in and around Assela, Ethiopia. Global Journal of Medical Sciences, XI (III), 1-8.
Ulayi, B. M., Umaru-Sule, B. & Adamu, S. (2007). Prevalence of Dicrocoelium hospos and Fasciola gigantica infections in cattle at slaughter in zaria, Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6 (9), 1112-1115.
Valero, M. A., Marcos, M. D., Fons, R. & Mas-Coma, S. (1998). Fasciola hepatica development in the experimentally infected black rat Rattus rattus. Parasitology research, 84, 188-194.