Clinical applications of heart rate variability in veterinary practice
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Published:
Dec 23, 2019
Keywords:
heart rate variability, veterinary, clinical applications
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Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the balance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). There are two key HRV parameters: high frequency (HF), which is correlated with the parasympathetic nervous system, and low frequency (LF) which is correlated with sympathetic and vagal activity. In veterinary medicine HRV has proven to be an important tool for evaluation of cardiovascular events in patients and has provided useful clinical information in about different physiological systems. Changes in HRV are influenced by several physiological systems. HRV reflects the state of both the heart and the brain. For that reason, HRV is considered a surrogate parameter of the complex interaction between the brain and the cardiovascular system. Studies of the autonomic control of kidney disease, endocrinology disorders, respiratory disorders, and immunological disorders commonly include HRV. Additionally, HRV has shown an autonomic modulation effect following clinical treatment, indicating HRV is potentially more than just an indicator to identify disturbances of the ANS. Sympathetic activation is a poor prognostic predictor. On the other hand, parasympathetic activation is a good prognostic indicator in various conditions. HRV has become a significant predictor and a popular noninvasive tool as it is easy to perform. In conclusion, HRV measurement can be an essential tool for both scientific and clinical understanding.
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Chueainta, P., Pongkan, W., & Boonyapakorn, C. (2019). Clinical applications of heart rate variability in veterinary practice. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 17(3), 195–220. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/vis/article/view/227564
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References
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Bogucki, S., Noszczyk-Nowak, A., 2015. Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 18, 307-312.
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Bogucki, S., Noszczyk-Nowak, A., 2017. Short-term heart rate variability in dogs with sick sinus syndrome or chronic mitral valve disease as compared to healthy controls. Pol J Vet Sci 20, 167-172.
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Calvert, C.A., 1998. Heart rate variability. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28, 1409-1427, viii.
Calvert, C.A., Wall, M., 2001. Effect of severity of myocardial failure on heart rate variability in Doberman pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219, 1084-1088.
Chan, Y.H., Tsai, W.C., Shen, C., Han, S., Chen, L.S., Lin, S.F., Chen, P.S., 2015. Subcutaneous nerve activity is more accurate than heart rate variability in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with myocardial infarction. Heart Rhythm 12, 1619-1627.
Chompoosan, C., Buranakarl, C., Chaiyabutr, N., Chansaisakorn, W., 2014. Decreased sympathetic tone after short-term treatment with enalapril in dogs with mild chronic mitral valve disease. Res Vet Sci 96, 347-354.
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Florencio, R., Fregonezi, G., Brilhante, S., Borghi-Silva, A., Dias, F., Resqueti, V., 2013. Heart rate variability at rest and after the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in children with cystic fibrosis. Braz J Phys Ther 17, 419-426.
Frick, L., Schwarzwald, C.C., Mitchell, K.J., 2019. The use of heart rate variability analysis to detect arrhythmias in horses undergoing a standard treadmill exercise test. J Vet Intern Med 33, 212-224.
Gianfranchesco Filippi, M., de Castro Ferreira Lima, M., Paes, A.C., Sarita Cruz Aleixo, A., Oba, E., Ferreira de Souza, F., Kiomi Takahira, R., Gomes Lourenco, M.L., 2019. Evaluation of heart rate variability and behavior of electrocardiographic parameters in dogs affected by chronic Monocytic Ehrlichiosis. PLoS One 14, e0216552.
Grant, C.C., Murray, C., Janse van Rensburg, D.C., Fletcher, L., 2013. A comparison between heart rate and heart rate variability as indicators of cardiac health and fitness. Front Physiol 4, 337.
Haddad, G.G., Jeng, H.J., Lai, T.L., 1987. Heart rate variability during respiratory pauses in puppies and dogs. Pediatr Res 22, 306-311.
Haggstrom, J., Hamlin, R.L., Hansson, K., Kvart, C., 1996. Heart rate variability in relation to severity of mitral regurgitation in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Small Anim Pract 37, 69-75.
Hayano, J., Yasuma, F., Okada, A., Mukai, S., Fujinami, T., 1996. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia. A phenomenon improving pulmonary gas exchange and circulatory efficiency. Circulation 94, 842-847.
Hecking, M., Karaboyas, A., Antlanger, M., Saran, R., Wizemann, V., Chazot, C., Rayner, H., Horl, W.H., Pisoni, R.L., Robinson, B.M., Sunder-Plassmann, G., Moissl, U., Kotanko, P., Levin, N.W., Saemann, M.D., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Port, F.K., Wabel, P., 2013. Significance of interdialytic weight gain versus chronic volume overload: consensus opinion. Am J Nephrol 38, 78-90.
Huikuri, H.V. & Stein, P. K., 2012. Clinical application of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction. Frontiers in physiology, 3, 41.
Hull, S.S., Jr., Evans, A.R., Vanoli, E., Adamson, P.B., Stramba-Badiale, M., Albert, D.E., Foreman, R.D., Schwartz, P.J., 1990. Heart rate variability before and after myocardial infarction in conscious dogs at high and low risk of sudden death. J Am Coll Cardiol 16, 978-985.
Jarkovska, D., Valesova, L., Chvojka, J., Benes, J., Danihel, V., Sviglerova, J., Nalos, L., Matejovic, M., Stengl, M., 2017. Heart-rate variability depression in porcine peritonitis-induced sepsis without organ failure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 242, 1005-1012.
Katayama, M., Kubo, T., Mogi, K., Ikeda, K., Nagasawa, M., Kikusui, T., 2016. Heart rate variability predicts the emotional state in dogs. Behav Processes 128, 108-112.
Keene, B.W., Atkins, C.E., Bonagura, J.D., Fox, P.R., Haggstrom, J., Fuentes, V.L., Oyama, M.A., Rush, J.E., Stepien, R., Uechi, M., 2019. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 33, 1127-1140.
Khor, K.H., Shiels, I.A., Campbell, F.E., Greer, R.M., Rose, A., Mills, P.C., 2014. Evaluation of a technique to measure heart rate variability in anaesthetised cats. Vet J 199, 229-235.
Kittleson, M.D.K., R. D., 1998. Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias (dysrhythmias). In Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine. St Luis, Mosby, 455.
Kleiger, R.E., Stein, P.K., Bigger, J.T., Jr., 2005. Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 10, 88-101.
Komamura, K., Shannon, R.P., Ihara, T., Shen, Y.T., Mirsky, I., Bishop, S.P., Vatner, S.F., 1993. Exhaustion of Frank-Starling mechanism in conscious dogs with heart failure. Am J Physiol 265, H1119-1131.
Kovacs, L., Kezer, F.L., Poti, P., Jurkovich, V., Szenci, O., Nagy, K., 2019. Short communication: heart rate variability, step, and rumination behavior of dairy cows milked in a rotary milking system. J Dairy Sci 102, 5525-5529.
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