Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus and its specific antibody in abnormal swine litters in Vietnam https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2022.057
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis is considered an essential disease-causing swine reproductive failure in Asian countries; however, significant knowledge gaps remain about this problem in actual cases. This study examined 55 cases of reproductive failure in sows, including one abortion and 54 full-term farrowing litters, to find the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and specific antibodies against JEV. Haemagglutination test was used to detect specific antibodies against JEV from 63 samples of fetal thoracic fluids and newborn un-suckling piglet sera (54 thoracic fluid samples of dead fetuses, two thoracic fluid samples of abortion fetuses, seven sera samples of weakly newborn un-suckling piglets), viral isolation and RT- PCR technique was attempted from 60 brains of fetuses and newborn un-suckling piglets, histopathology sections of fetal brains which were positive with JEV confirmed by HI test and RT-PCR were also made. The results showed that 17.46% (11/63) of thoracic fluids and sera were positive for JEV. No JEV isolation was found from 60 brain samples of dead fetuses and piglets, but RNA of JEV were detected from 5 of them (8.33%). Our results suggest that JEV should be considered the important cause of swine reproductive failure in Viet Nam.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Burns, K.F., 1950. Congenital Japanese B encephalitis infection of swine. Proc. Soc. Exp.Biol. Med. 75(2), 621-625.
Clarke, D.H., Casals, J., 1958. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutinationinhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 7(5), 561-573.
Desingu, P., Ray, P.K., Patel, B., Singh, R., Singh, R., Saikumar, G., 2016. Pathogenic and genotypic characterization of a Japanese encephalitis virus isolates associated with reproductive failure in an Indian pig herd. PloS one, 11(2), e0147611.
Endy, T., Nisalak, A., 2002. Japanese encephalitis virus: cology and epidemiology. Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 267,11-48.
Gao, X., Liu, H., Wang, H., Fu, S., Guo, Z., Liang, G., 2013. Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 7(9), e2459.
Hosoya, H., Matumoto, M., Iwasa, S., 1950. Epizootiological studies on stillbirth of swine occurred in Japan during summer months of 1948. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 20, 587-595.
Khan, S.U., Salje, H., Hannan, A., Islam, M.A., Bhuyan, A.M., Islam, M.A., Rahman, M.Z.,Nahar, N., Hossain, M.J., Luby, S.P., 2014. Dynamics of Japanese encephalitis virus transmission among pigs in Northwest Bangladesh and the potential impact of pig vaccination. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 8(9), e3166.
Lindahl, J., Boqvist, S., Ståhl, K., Thu, H.T.V., Magnusson, U., 2012. Reproductive performance in sows in relation to Japanese Encephalitis Virus seropositivity in an endemic area. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44(2), 239-245.
Lindahl, J.F., Ståhl, K., Chirico, J., Boqvist, S., Thu, H.T.V., Magnusson, U., 2013.Circulation of Japanese encephalitis virus in pigs and mosquito vectors within Can Tho city, Vietnam. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 7(4), e2153.
Mansfield, K.L., Hernández-Triana, L.M., Banyard, A.C., Fooks, A.R., Johnson, N., 2017.Japanese encephalitis virus infection, diagnosis and control in domestic animals.Vet. Microbiol. 201, 85-92.
Morimoto, T., 1969. Epizootic swine stillbirth caused by Japanese encephalitis. In Proceedings of a symposium on factors producing embryonic and fetal abnormality, death and abortion in swine. US ARS 91-73, pp. 137-153.
Mulvey, P., Duong, V., Boyer, S., Burgess, G., Williams, D.T., Dussart, P., Horwood, P.F., 2021. The Ecology and evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus. Pathogens. 10(12),1534.
Ogasa, A., Yokoki, Y., Fujisaki, Y., Habu, A., 1977. Reproductive disorders in boars infected experimentally with Japanese encephalitis virus. Jpn. J. Anim. Reprod. 23(4),171-175.
OIE, 2021. Japanese encephalitis. In Terrestrial Manual, pp. 1-15.
Shimizu, T., Kawakami, Y., Fukuhara, S., Matumoto, M., 1954. Experimental stillbirth in pregnant swine infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 24(6),363-375.
Straw, B.E., Dewey, C.E., Willson M.R., 1999. Different diagnoses of swine diseases. In:Straw, B.E., Allaire, S., Mengeling, W.L., Taylor, D.J. (Eds.), Diseases of Swine, (8th edition). Iowa state university press. Ames, Iowa, USA, pp. 41-86.
Thrusfield, M., 2005. Diagnostic testing. In: Thrusfield, M., Veterinary epidemiology, (3rd edition). Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, pp. 305-330.
Thu, H.T.V., Loan, H.K., Thao, H.T.P.T., Tu, T.D., 2006. Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in Cantho city. In Proceedings of the international workshop on biotechnology in agriculture, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City,20-21 October 2006, pp. 59-62.
Yamada, M., Nakamura, K., Yoshii, M., Kaku, Y., 2004. Nonsuppurative encephalitis in piglets after experimental inoculation of Japanese encephalitis flavivirus isolated from pigs. Vet. Pathol. 41(1), 62-67.