Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits to differentiate the indigenous chicken reared under different Agro-ecologies of Ethiopia https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2022.060
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This is to differentiate indigenous chickens at different agro-ecologies based on morphometric traits using multivariate analysis. Morphometric data were collected from a total of 520 (130 male and 390 female) adult indigenous chickens. Traits scored were body weight, body length, breast circumference, wingspan, shank length, shank circumference, comb length, wattle length, earlobe length and beak length. Ten quantitative traits for both sexes were subjected to the stepwise discriminant analysis, of which four (wingspan, live body weight, shank circumference, and body length) in females and two of them (shank length, and wingspan) in males were identified as the best discriminating variables. CAN1 and CAN2 were extracted with 61.5% and 38.6% of the total variation in females, respectively and CAN1 (89.3%) and CAN2 (10.7%) of the total variation in parameters of male chicken populations. The higher classification rates were obtained in highland agroecology for female (64.7%) and midland for male (89.8%) chickens. Cross-validation with split–sample indicated that 62.7% (highland), 39% (lowland) and 59.3% (midland) success rate. The longest pairwise Mahalanobis distance was observed between midland and highland in male chickens and between lowland and highland in females, whereas the
shortest distance was observed between lowland and highland in male and female chicken populations. The variations obtained in chickens of different agro-ecologies and sexes considered as opportunities for genetic improvement of indigenous chicken genetic resources, because significantly related parameters could be used as selection criterion for improving body weight of Ethiopian indigenous chickens under small scale farmers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Al-Atiyat, R.M., 2009. Diversity of chicken populations in Jordan determined using discriminate analysis of performance traits. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 11(4), 374–380.
Al-Atiyat, R.M., Aljumaah, R.S., Abudabos, A.M., Alotybi, M.N., Harron, R.M., Algawaan,A.S., Aljooan, H.S., 2017. Differentiation of free ranging chicken using discriminant analysis of phenotypic traits. Revi. Brasi. Zoot. 46(10), 791-799.
Al-Qamashoui, B., Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I., Schlecht, E., 2014. Towards conservation of omani local chicken: phenotypic characteristics, management practices and performance traits. Asia-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 27(6), 767-777.
Ayalew, W., Getahun, E., Tibbo, M., Mamo, Y., Rege, J., 2004. Current state of knowledge on characterisation of farm animal genetic resources in Ethiopia. In Proceedings of the 11th annual conference of Ethio, Addis Ababa, Ethio, 28-30 August 2003.
Bekele, B., Melesse, A., Banerjee, S., Esatu, W., Dessie, T., 2020. Farmers’ preferences towards breeding objective for indigenous chicken in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. Afri. J. Agri. res. 16(12), 1681-1690.
Benitez, F., 2002. Reasons for the use and conservation of some local genetic resources in poultry. In Proceeding of 7th World congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Montpellier, France, 19-23 August 2002.
Buttigieg, P.L., Ramette, A., 2014. A guide to statistical analysis in microbial ecology: a community-focused, living review of multivariate data analyses. Fed. Euro.Microbiol. Soc. 90(3), 543-550.
Central Statistical Agency, 2021. Agricultural sample survey. Volume II report on livestock and livestock characteristics. Available online: https://www.statsethiopia.gov. et/our-survey-reports/.
Dahloum, L., Moula, N., Halbouche, M., MignonGrasteau, S., 2016. Phenotypic characterization of the indigenous chicken (Gallus gallus) in the northwest of Algeria. Archi. Anim. Breed. 59, 79-90.
Daikwo, S.I., Dike, U.A., Dim, N.I., 2015. Discriminant analysis of morphometric differences in the normal feathered and frizzles feathered chicken of North Central Nigeria. J. Trop. Agri. Fo. Envi. Exte. 14(3), 12-15.
Dana, N., Vander, W.E., Johan, A.M., 2010. Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for body weights and egg production in Horro chicken of Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health.Prod. 43, 21-28.
Desta, T.T., Wakeyo, O., 2012. Uses and flock management practices of scavenging chickens in Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44(3), 537-544.
Desta, T.T., Dessie, T., Bettridge, J., Lynch, S.E., Melese, K., Collins, M., Christley, R.M.,Wigley, P., Kaiser, P., Terfa, Z., Mwacharo, J.M., Hanotte, O., 2013. Signature of artificial selection and ecological landscape on morphological structures of Ethiopian village chicken. Anim. Genet. Res. 52, 17-29.
Doungnapa, P., Khanitta, R., 2021. The comparative of growth and carcass performance of Thai native chickens between economic selection (Chee KKU12) and natural selection (Chee N). Vet. Integ. Sci. 19(2), 247-257.
Fitsum, M., 2016. Phenotypic characterization of local chicken ecotypes in the central zone of Tigray in northern Ethiopia [Master’s thesis]. Jimma University. Available online:https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/77362.
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2012. Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resource. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2686e.pdf.
Getachew, F., Abegaz, S., Abraham, A., Manaye, M., Emishaw, Y., 2016. Multivariate analyses of morphological traits in indigenous chicken populations of Metekel Zone,Northwestern Ethiopia. J. Anim. Genet. Res. 59, 15-25.
Gizaw, S., Van Arendonk, J.A., Komen, H., Windig, J.J., Hanotte, O., 2007. Population structure, genetic variation and morphological diversity in indigenous sheep of Ethiopia. Anim. Genet. 38(6), 621-628.
Gwaza, D.S., Noah, E., Wamagi, T.I., 2013. Discriminant analysis of morphological traits in selected population of the Tiv local chicken ecotype in the derived Guinea Savanah of Nigeria. IOSR J. Agri. Vet. Sci. 3(6), 60-64.
Habimana, R., Okeno, T.O., Ngeno, K., Mboumba, S., Assami, P., Gbotto, A.A., Keambou,C.T., Nishimwe, K., Mahoro, J., Yao, N., 2020. Correction: Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken in Rwanda using microsatellite markers.PLoS One. 15(9), e0238966.
Magothe, T.M., Okeno, T.O., Muhuyi, W.B., Kahi, A.K., 2012. Indigenous chicken production in Kenya: I. Current status. Worl. Poult. Sci. J. 68(1), 119-132.
Melesse, A., Negesse, T., 2011. Phenotypic and morphological characterization of indigenous chicken population in southern region of Ethiopia. Anim. Genet. Res. 49, 19-31.
Melesse, A., Maak, S., von Lengerken, G., 2011. Effects of genetic group × ambient temperature interactions on performance and physiological responses of Naked-neck chicken and their F1 crosses with Lohmann White and New Hampshire laying hens.
J. Anim. Fe. Sci. 20(4), 599-612. Melesse, A., 2014. Significance of scavenging chicken production in the rural community of Africa for enhanced food security. Worl. Poult. Sci. J. 70(3), 593-606.
Minitab, 1998. Minitab for Windows Release 12.21. Available online: https://www.amazon.com/Minitab-Statistical-Software-Student-Paperback/dp/B011YU46WC.
Negassa, D., Melesse, A., Banerjee, S., 2014. Phenotypic characterization of indigenous chicken populations in Southeastern Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Anim.Genet. Res. 55, 101-113.
Ogah, D.M., Momoh, M.O., Dim, N.I., 2011. Application of canonical discriminant analysis for assessment of genetic variation in Muscovy duck ecotypes in Nigeria. Egy. Poult.Sci. 31(2), 429-436.
Rosario, M.F., Silva, M.A., Coelho, A.A., Savino, V.J., Dias, C.T., 2008. Canonical discriminant analysis applied to broiler chicken performance. Animal. 2(3), 419-424.
Tareke, M., Assefa, B., Abate, T., Tekletsadik, E., 2018. Evaluation of morphometric differences among indigenous chicken populations in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Poult. Sci. J. 6(2), 181-190.
Tixier-Boichard, M., Bordas, A., Rognon, X., 2009. Characterization and monitoring of poultry genetic resources. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 65(2), 272-285.
Wario, D., Tadesse, Y., Yadav, S., 2021. On-farm phenotypic characterization of indigenous chicken, in Dire and Yabello Districts, Borena Zone, Oromia Regional State,Ethiopia. J. Genet. Res. 7(1), 36-48.
Wodajo, H., Gemede, B., Wole, K., Annet, A., Anouka, V., Barbara, W., 2020. Contribution of small ruminants to food security for Ethiopian smallholder farmers. J. Smal. Rumi.Res. 184, 1-10.
Woelders, H., Zuidberg, C.A., Hiemstra, S.J., 2006. Animal genetic resources conservation in the Netherlands and Europe: Poultry perspective. J. Poult. Sci. 85(2), 216-222.
Wolde, B., Tadesse, Y., Ameha, N., 2019. On farm phenotypic characterization of indigenous chicken ecotypes in west Hararghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. J. Vet. Med.Anim. Sci. 2(1), 1-7.