Multiple renal and liver cysts in a Siberian hybrid tiger https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2023.012
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disease commonly reported in cats, but rarely in big cats. It is associated with formation of cysts in the kidneys. This article describes the clinical, pathology and immunohistochemistry findings of PKD in a Siberian hybrid tiger. A 16-year-old female captive Siberian hybrid tiger showed inappetence, weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. Within six months, its body weight and hydration status were progressively declining. Although hematology parameters were normal, serum creatinine and urea levels were elevated. Ultrasonography of the kidneys showed the presence of cysts. The animal was euthanized and necropsied, revealing multiple cysts in both kidneys and liver. These samples were subjected to histopathology using routine stain, special histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. The cysts were lined by various types of epithelial cells. Most renal tubular epithelium showed severe vacuolar degeneration, accompanied by bacterial colonies in the renal pelvis. Masson’s trichrome stain demonstrated presence of mesenchymal stroma at the periphery of the cysts in the kidneys and liver. Immunohistochemistry showed different staining intensity of β-catenin, E-cadherin, and vimentin in the various parts of renal tubules, suggesting the involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. The tiger was diagnosed with PKD based on clinical and pathological examination. This is the first report of PKD in a tiger, potentially useful for future study in wildlife medicine and conservation.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Barrs, V.R., Gunew, M., Foster, S.F., Beatty, J.A., Malik, R., 2001. Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats and related‐breeds in Sydney and Brisbane. Aust. Vet. J. 79(4), 257-259.
Basu, S., Cheriyamundath, S., Ben-Ze’ev, A., 2018. Cell–cell adhesion: linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling with partial EMT and stemness traits in tumorigenesis. F1000Res. 7(F1000 Faculty Rev), 1488.
Bergmann, C., 2015. ARPKD and early manifestations of ADPKD: the original polycystic kidney disease and phenocopies. Pediatr. Nephrol. 30(1), 15-30.
Biller, D.S., DiBartola, S.P., Eaton, K.A., Pflueger, S., Wellman, M.L., Radin, M.J., 1996. Inheritance of polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats. J. Hered. 87(1), 1-5.
Bosje, J.T., van den Ingh, T.S., van der Linde-Sipman, J.S., 1998. Polycystic kidney and liver disease in cats. Vet. Q. 20(4), 136-139.
Conklin, C.M., Craddock, K.J., Have, C., Laskin, J., Couture, C., Ionescu, D.N., 2013. Immunohistochemistry is a reliable screening tool for identification of ALK rearrangement in non–small-cell lung carcinoma and is antibody dependent. J.Thorac. Oncol. 8(1), 45-51.
D'Arcy, R., 2018. Chronic kidney disease in non-domestic felids in Australian zoos (Doctoral Thesis). The University of Sydney.
Eaton, K.A., Biller, D.S., DiBartola, S.P., Radin, M.J., Wellman, M.L., 1997.Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-cross cats. Vet. Pathol. 34(2), 117–126.
Gerhauser, I., Philipp, U., Distl, O., Beineke, A. 2009. Multiple cyst formation in the liver and kidneys of a lion (Panthera leo): a case of polycystic kidney disease?. Eur. J.Wildl. Res. 55(4), 433-437.
Ghahhari, N.M., Babashah, S., 2015. Interplay between microRNAs and WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway regulates epithe-lial–mesenchymal transition in cancer. Eur. J.Cancer. 51(12), 1638-1649.
Harris, P.C., Torres, V.E., 2009. Polycystic kidney disease. Annu. Rev. Med. 60, 321-337.
Helps, C., Tasker, S., Harley, R., 2007. Correlation of the feline PKD1 genetic mutation with cases of PKD diagnosed by pathological examination. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 83(2),264-268.
Hewitt, S.M., Baskin, D.G., Frevert, C.W., Stahl, W.L., Rosa-Molinar, E., 2014. Controls for immunohistochemistry: the Histochemical Society’s standards of practice for validation of immunohistochemical assays. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 62(10),693-697.
Hope, K, Deem, S.L., 2006. Retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of captive jaguars (Panthera onca) in North America: 1982–2002. Zoo. Biol. 25(6), 501-512.
Igarashi, P., Somlo, S., 2007. Polycystic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18(5),1371-1373.
Johnstone, A.C., Davidson, B.I., Roe, A.R., Eccles, M.R., Jolly, R.D., 2005. Congenital polycystic kidney disease in lambs. N. Z. Vet. J. 53(5), 307–314.
Kelly, P., Stack, D., Harley, J., 2013. A review of the proposed reintroduction program for the far eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) and the role of conservation organizations, veterinarians, and zoos. Top. Companion. Anim. Med. 28(4), 163-166.
Krotec, K., Meyer, B.S., Freeman, W., Hamir, A.N., 1996. Congenital cystic disease of the liver, pancreas, and kidney in a Nu-bian goat (Capra hircus). Vet. Pathol. 33(6),708-710.
Lyons, L.A., 2004. Feline polycystic kidney disease mutation identified in PKD1. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15(10), 2548–2555.
McAloose, D., Casal, M., Patterson, D.F., Dambach, D.M., 1998. Polycystic kidney and liver disease in two related West High-land white terrier litters. Vet. Pathol. 35, 77–81.
McKenna, S.C., Carpenter, J.L., 1980. Polycystic disease of the kidney and liver in the Cairn Terrier. Vet. Pathol. 17, 436–442.
Mota, S.M., Brandão, J., Guthrie, A., 2021. Comparison of blood symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine as endogenous markers of kidney function in captive tigers (Panthera tigris). J. Zoo. Wildl. Med. 52(2), 628-637.
Nauta, J., Ozawa, Y., Sweeney, W.E., Rutledge, J.C., Avner, E.D., 1993. Renal and biliary abnormalities in a new murine model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 7, 163–172.
Newkirk, K.M., Newman, S.J., White, L.A., Rohrbach, B.W., Ramsay, E.C., 2010. Renal lesions of nondomestic felids. Vet. Pathol. 48, 698–705.
O’Leary, C.A., Atwell, R.B., Laing, N.G., 2003. No disease-associated mutations found in the coding sequence of the canine polycystic kidney disease gene 1 in Bull Terriers with polycystic kidney disease. Anim. Genet. 34, 358-361.
Proverbio, D., Perego, R., Baggiani, L., Ravasio, G., Giambellini, D., Spada, E., 2021. Haematological and biochemical refer-ence values in healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris). Animals. 11(12), 3440.
Raptis, V., Loutradis, C., Sarafidis, P.A, 2018. Renal injury progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a look beyond the cysts. Nephrol. Dial.Transplant. 33(11), 1887-1895.
Sato, R., Uchida, N., Kawana, Y., Tozuka, M., Kobayashi, S., Hanyu, N., Konno, Y., Iguchi, A., Yamasaki, Y., Kuramochi, K., Yamasaki, M., 2019. Epidemiological evaluation of cats associated with feline polycystic kidney disease caused by the fe-line PKD1 genetic mutation in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 81(7), 1006–1011.
Schirrer, L., Marín-García, P.J., Llobat, L., 2021. Feline polycystic kidney disease: an update.Vet. Sci. 8(11), 269.
Silberberg, M., Charron, A.J., Bacallao, R., Wandinger-Ness, A., 2005. Mispolarization of desmosomal proteins and altered intercellular adhesion in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 288, F1153–F1163.
Togawa, H., Nakanishi, K., Mukaiyama, H., Hama, T., Shima, Y., Sako, M., Miyajima, M.,Nozu, K., Nishii, K., Nagao, S., Takahashi, H., Iijima, K., Yoshikawa, N., 2011. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cyst lining epithelial cells in an orthologous PCK rat model of autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease. Am. J. Physiol.Renal Physiol. 300(2), F511-F520.
Williams, S.S., Cobo-Stark, P., James, L.R., Somlo, S., Igarashi, P., 2008. Kidney cysts, pancreatic cysts, and biliary disease in a mouse model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 23, 733–741.
Wilson, P.D., 2004. Polycystic kidney disease: new understanding in the pathogenesis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 36, 1868–1873.
Yu, Y., Shumway, K.L., Matheson, J.S., Edwards, M.E., Kline, T.L., Lyons, L.A., 2019. Kidney and cystic volume imaging for disease presentation and progression in the cat autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease large animal model. BMC Nephrol. 20, 259.