Evaluation of essential oil supplementation as a feed additive on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane mitigation in ruminants: A meta-analysis https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2024.032
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the use of essential oils (EO) in vivo as a feed additive on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas through a meta-analysis approach by integrating various related studies. The data analyzed came from 21 journals, 26 studies, and 73 data points from 2007–2021, which were tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with SAS using the mixed model method. The results of EO supplementation exhibited a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in ammonia concentration, Diplodinium population, and methane gas production, as well as a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of acetate proportion and Dasytrica populations. In contrast, EO supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on final body weight increase. The crude protein tended to increase (P < 0.1) with EO supplementation. In conclusion, EO supplementation as a feed additive can positively affect rumen fermentability and methane gas production.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Abd El Tawab, A.M., Kholif, A.E., Khattab, M.S., Shaaban, M.M., Hadhoud, F.I., Mostafa,M.M., Olafadehan, O.A., 2020. Feed utilization and lactational performance of Barki sheep fed diets containing thyme or celery. Small. Rumin. Res. 192, 106249.
Akbarian‐Tefaghi, M., Ghasemi, E., Khorvash, M., 2018. Performance, rumen fermentation,and blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter mixtures supplemented with herbal plants, essential oils or monensin. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102(3), 630-638.
Anassori, E., Naghaden, B.D., Pirmohammadi., Taghizedeh, A., Rezaei, S.A., Maham, M.,Azar, S.F., Farhoomand, P., 2011. Garlic: a potential alternative for monensin as a rumen modifier. Livest. Sci. 142, 276-287.
Bakkali, F., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils - a review. Food. Chem.Toxicol. 46, 446-475.
Benchaar, C., 2021. Diet supplementation with thyme oil and its main component thymol failed to favorably alter rumen fermentation, improve nutrient utilization, or enhance milk production in dairy cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 104(1), 324-336.
Benchaar, C., 2019. Feeding oregano oil and its main component carvacrol does not affect ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, methane emissions, milk production, or milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 103, 1516-1527.
Benchaar, C., Greathead, H., 2011. Essential oils and opportunities to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166-167, 338-355.
Benchaar, C., McAllister, T.A., Chouinard, P.Y., 2008. Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde, quebraco condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts.J. Dairy. Sci. 91, 4765-4777.
Benchaar, C., Petit, H.V., Berthiaume, R., Ouellet, D.R., Chiquette, J., Chouinard, P.Y., 2007.Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage 1. J. Dairy. Sci. 90(2), 886-897.
Besharati, M., Palangi, V., Moaddab, M., Nemati, Z., Ayaşan, T., 2021. Comparative effects of addition of monensin, tannic acid and cinnamon essential oil on in vitro gas production parameters of sesame meal. J. Hell. Vet. Med. Soc. 72(2), 2977-2988.
Besharati, M., Taghizadeh, A., Palangi, V., Kaya, A., 2021. Determining the essfect of natural inhibitors on sesame meal degradability using in vitro three step method. Vet. Arh.91(5), 513-521.
Bİrİcİk, H., Oral, H.H., Talug, A.M., Cengİz, Ş.Ş., Koyuncu, M., Dİkmen, S., 2016. The effects of carvacrol and/ or thymol on the performance, blood and rumen parameters,and carcass traits of Merino sheep. Turkish. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 40, 651-659.
Canbolat, O., Kamalak, A., Kalkan, H., Kara, H., Filiya, I., 2021. Effect of garlic oil on lamb fattening performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters. Prog. Nutr. 23(1),1-10.
Chaves, A.V., Stanford, K., Dugan, M.E., Gibson, L.L., McAllister, T.A., Herk, F.V.,Benchaar, C., 2008. Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic, and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Livest. Sci. 117, 215–224.
Chaves, A.V., McAllister, T.A., Stanford, K., Gibson, L.L., Benchaar, C., 2008. Effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance,and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145, 396-408.
Chaves, A.V., Stanford, K., Dugan, M.E., Gibson, L.L., McAllister, T.A., Herk, F.V.,Benchaar, C., 2011. A dose-response of innamaldehyde supplementation on intake,ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass
characteristics of growing lambs. Livest. Sci. 141, 213-220.
Cox, S.D., Mann, C.M., Markham, J.L., Gustafson, J.E., Warminton, J.R., Wyllie, S.G., 2001.Determining the antimicrobial actions of tea tree oil. Molecules. 6, 87-91.
Dai, X., Faciola, A.P., 2019. Evaluating strategies to reduce ruminal protozoa and their impacts on nutrient utilization and animal performance in ruminants - A metaanalysis.Front. Microbiol. 10, 1-16.
Durmic, Z., Moate, P.J., Eckard, R., Revell, D.K., Williams, R., Vercoe, P.E., 2014. In vitro screening of selected feed additives, plant essential oils, and plant extracts for rumen methane mitigation. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 94, 1191-1196.
Foskolos, A., 2015. The effects of a garlic oil chemical compound, propyl-propane thiosulfonate, on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid outflow in a dual-flow continuous culture system. J. Dairy. Sci. 98(8), 5482-5491.
Goel, G., Makkar, H.P., 2012. Methane mitigation from ruminants using tannins and saponins. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod. 44(4), 729-739.
Jayanegara, A., 2009. Ruminal methane production on simple phenolic acids addition in vitro gas production method. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 32(1), 53–62.
Kamalak, A., Atalay, A.I., Ozkan, C.O., Tatliyer, A., Kaya, E., 2011. Effect of essential orange (Citrus sinensis l.) oil on rumen microbial fermentation using in vitro gas production technique. J. Anim. Plant. Sci. 21(4), 764-769.
Khorrami B., Vakili A.R., Mesgaran M.D., Klevenhusen, F., 2015. Thyme and cinnamon essential oils: Potential alternatives for monensin as a rumen modifier in beef production systems. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 200, 8-16.
Kholif, A.E., Morsy, T.A., Abdo, M.M., 2018. Crushed flaxseed versus flaxseed oil in the diets of Nubian goats: Effect on feed intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation,blood chemistry, milk production, milk yield, composition and fatty acid profil.
Animal. 12(5), 964-972.
Kolling, G.J., Stivanin, S.C., Gabbi, A.M., Machado, F.S., Ferreira, A.L., Campos, M.M.,Tomich, T.R., Cunha, C.S., Dill, S.W., Pereira, L.G., Fischer, V., 2018. Performance and methane emissions in dairy cows fed oregano and green tea extracts as feed additives. J. Dairy. Sci. 101, 1-14.
Macheboeuf, D., Morgavi, D.P., Papon, Y., Mousset, J.L., Arturo-Schaan, M., 2008. Doseresponse effects of essential oils onin vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 145, 335-350.
Martínez, S., Madrid, J., Hernández, F., Megías, M.D., Sotomayor, J.A., Jordán, M.J., 2006.Effect of thyme essential oils (Thymus hyemalis and Thymus zygis) and monensin on in vitro ruminal degradation and volatile fatty acid production. J. Agric. Food.
Chem. 54, 6598-6602.
McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A., Newbold, C.J., 2003.Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(8), 5011-5014.
Moss, A.R., Jouany, J.P., Newbold, J., 2000. Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming. Anim. Res. 49(3), 231-253.
Newbold, C.J., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed. Sci.Technol. 114(1-4), 105-112.
Ozkaya, S., Almali, O.E., Ayan, Y., Erbas, S., Aksu, T., 2020. Effects of oregano (Oreganum onites L.) aromatic water on rumen microbial fermentation of Holstein calves. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 44, 1110-1114.
Patra, A.K., 2011. Effects of essential oil on rumen fermentation, microbial ecology and ruminant production. Asian. J. of Anim. Vet. Adv. 6(5), 416-428.
Ribeiro, A.D.B., Junior, F., Polizel, D.M., Miszura, A.A., Barroso, J.P.R., Cunha, A.R.,Souza, T.T., Ferreira, E.M., Susin, I., Pires, A.V., 2020. Effect of thyme essential oil on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in wethers fed high concentrate diets. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 72(2), 573-580.
Tajodini, M., Moghbeli, P., Saeedi, H.R., Effati, M., 2014. The effect of medicinal plants as a feed additive in ruminant nutrition. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4(4), 681-686.
Vakili, A.R., Khorrami, B., Mesgaran, M.D., Parand, E., 2013. The effects of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 26(7),
-944.
Wallace, R.J., McEwan, N.R., McIntosh, F.M., Teferedegne, B., Newbold, C.J., 2002. Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15(10),1458-1468.
Yang, W.Z., Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B.N., Chaves, A.V., He, M.L., McAllister, T.A., 2007.Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 90, 5671-5681.
Yang, W.Z., Ametaj, B.N., Benchaar, C., Beauchemin, K.A., 2010. Dose response to cinnamaldehyde supplementation in growing beef heifers: ruminal and intestinal digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 88(2), 680-688.
Zhang, R., Wu, J., Lei, Y., Bai, Y., Jia, L., Li, Z., Liu, T., Xu, Y., Sun, J., Wang, Y., 2021. Oregano essential oils promote rumen digestive ability by modulating epithelial development and microbiota composition in beef cattle. Front. Nutr. 8, 1-12.
Zhou, R., Wu, J., Zhang, L., Liu, L., Casper, D.P., Jiao, T., Liu, T., Wang, J., Lang, X.,Song, S., Gong, X., 2021. Effects of oregano essential oil on the ruminal pH and microbial population of sheep. PloS One. 14(5), 1-14.
Zijderveld, S.M, Dijkstra, J., Perdok, H.B., Newbold, J.R., Gerrits, W.J., 2011. Dietary inclusion of diallyl disulphide, yucca powder, calcium fumarate, and extruded linseed product, or medium-chain fatty acids does not affect methane production in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 94, 3094-3104.