Identification of Buxtonella sulcata with phylogenetic analysis in cattle in Egypt https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2024.044
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Protozoan diseases are of great significance in ruminants. In Egypt, the published data for Buxtonella sulcata (B. sulcata) in cattle is limited. This is the first study on B. sulcata in Assiut governorate via PCR and phylogenetic analysis. This study investigated the B. sulcata positive rate in cattle and its association with diarrhea. Out of 100 cattle fecal samples (50 males and 50 females) with different ages were collected from Assiut governorate, Egypt. Microscopically, the positive rate of B. sulcata was 69% (69/100). The cysts were oval or round with a size range of (82.23×78.63 to 53.65×48.62 μm) with a mean of (58.46×54.35 μm). While, its trophozoite appeared oval with characteristic grooves with a size range from (80.9×40.2 to 41.8×30.64 μm) with a mean of (58.78×41.26 μm). Females are slightly higher infected 72% (36/50) than male 66% (33/50). While, the highest positive rate recorded in age less than 1 year 78.6% (22/28), followed by age more than 3 years 68.4% (13/19), then the lowest in age 1-3 years 64.2% (34/53). The positive rate of B. sulcata was 92.2% (47/51) and 44.9% (22/49) of diarrheic and non-diarrheic feces, respectively, with very high significant differences. Diarrhea was established in all fecal samples with more than 1000 cysts per gram of faeces. Three fecal samples were positive for B. sulcata SSrDNA gene specific primer (1047 bp) by PCR. After DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, all nucleotide sequences showed high similarity to B. sulcata. We advised regular examination for B. sulcata in the predominant areas with excessive studies to aid in planning effective control strategies against it.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Adhikari, B.B., Rana, H.B., Sultan, K.M.I., Devkota, B., Nakao, T., Kobayashi, K., Sato, H.,Dhakal, I.P., 2013. Prevalence of Buxtonella sulcata in water buffaloes and cows in Chitwan Valley, Southern Nepal. Jap. J. Vet. Parasit. 11(2), 55-60.
Ahmed, A., Ijaz, M., Ayyub, R.M., Ghaffar, A., Ghauri, H.N., Aziz, M.U., Ali, S., Altaf, M.,Awais, M., Naveed, M., Nawab, Y., Javed, M.U., 2020. Review: Balantidium coli in domestic animals: an emerging protozoan pathogen of zoonotic significance. Acta.
Trop. 203, 105298.
Al-Saffar, T.M., Suleiman, E.G., Al-Bakri, H.S., 2010. Prevalence of intestinal ciliate Buxtonella sulcata in cattle in Mosul. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci. 24(1), 27–30.
Al-Saffar, T.M., Al-Taee, A.F., Hadi, E.D.I., Suleiman, E.G., 2013. Diagnostic study of Buxtonella sulcata in buffaloes in Mosul, Iraq. Assiut Vet. Med. J. 59(136), 5-10.
Al-Zubaidi, M.T., Al-Mayah, K.Sh., 2011. Prevalence of Buxtonella sulcata in neonatal and young calves in Al-Nasir station and some regions in Baghdad (Al-Shuala and Gazaliya). Iraqi J. Sci. 52(4), 420-424.
Bhoi, D.B., Raval, J.K., Pandya, G.M., Katariya, M.A., 2021. Therapeutic management of Buxtonella sulcata infection in Surti buffalo Calves. J. Livest. Sci. 12, 276-278.
Constable, P.D., 2009. Treatment of calf diarrhea: antimicrobial and ancillary treatments. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food. Anim. Pract. 25(1), 101-120.
Dianso, J.A., Garcia, G.G., Belotindos, L.P., Mingala, C.N., 2018. Molecular identificationof Buxtonella sulcata from associated-diarrhea in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines. Ann. Parasitol. 64(2), 93–100.
El-Ashram, S., Aboelhadid, S.M., Kamel, A.A., Mahrous, L.N., Abdelwahab K.H., 2019.Diversity of parasitic diarrhea associated with Buxtonella sulcata in cattle and buffalo calves with control of Buxtonellosis. Anim. 9(5), 259.
Al-Seady, H.H.O., kawan, M.H., 2014. Prevalence of Buxtonella sulcata in neonatal and young lambs in three regions in Baghdad city (Abu Ghraib, Yusufiya and Mahmudiyah). J. Kerbala. Univ.Sci. 12(4), 89-94.
Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J., 1990. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215(3), 403-410.
Ganai, A., Parveen, S., Kaur, D., Katoch, R., Yadav, A., Godara, R., Ahamed, I., 2015.Incidence of Buxtonella sulcata in bovines in R.S. Pura, Jammu. J. Parasit. Dis.39(3), 446–447.
Göz, Y., Altuğ, N., Yüksek, N., Özkan, C., 2006. Parasites detected in neonatal and young calves with diarrhea. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 50(3), 345-348.
Grim, J.N., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Ponce-Gordo F., 2015. Light microscopic morphometrics,ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the putative pycnotrichid Ciliate,Buxtonella sulcata. Eur. J. Protistol. 51(5), 425-436.
Hasheminasab, S.S., Moradi, P., Talvar, H.M., Wright, I., Darbandi, M.S., 2015.Buxtonella spp. like infection in cattle in Sanandaj province, Iran. Ann. Parasitol.61(4), 247-251.
Hong, K.O., Youn, H.J., 1995. Incidence of Buxtonella sulcata from cattle in Kyonggi-do.Korean J. Parasitol. 33(2), 135-138.
Huang, C.C., Wang, L.C., Pan, C.H., Yang, C.H., Lai, C.H., 2014. Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of dairy cattle around Taiwan. J. Microbiol. Immunol.Infect. 47, 70-74.
Jameson, A.P., 1926. A ciliate, Buxtonella sulcata ng, n. sp., from the caecum of cattle.Parasitol. 18(2), 182-186.
Kalkal, H., Sangwan, A.K., 2019. Epidemiological investigations of Buxtonella sulcata in buffaloes of Hisar district, Haryana. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 7(6), 1196-1199.
Köse, S.İ., Zerek, A., 2018. The first Buxtonella sulcata infection in a heifer calf in Hatay province (Buxtonellasis in a heifer calf). Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7(5), 1743-1749.
Kočiš, J., Ilić, T., Becskei, Z., Radisavljević, K., Dimitrijević, S., 2014. Buxtonellosis and coccidiosis of cattles in Northern Serbia. Acta. Parasitol. 60(1), 158-163.
Kumar, B., Maharana, B.R., Prashad, A., Joseph, J.P., Patel, B.R., 2017. Incidence of Buxtonella sulcata in Jaffrabadi buffaloes of south-western Gujarat, India. Buffalo.Bull. 36 (4), 623-628.
Levine, N.D., 1961. Protozoan parasites of domestic animals and man. Minneapolis, Burgess.Levine, N.D., 1985. Veterinary protozoology. Iowa State University Press, Ames,Iowa. pp. 414.
Maharana, B.R., Kumar, B., Sudhakar, N.R., Behera, S.K., Patbandha, T.K., 2016. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in bovines in and around Junagadh (Gujarat). J. Parasit.Dis. 40(4), 1174-1178.
Makawi, Z.A., 2019. Prevalence of Buxtonella sulcata in sheep and supplied drinking water.Iraqi J. Vet. Med. 43(1), 217-220.
Mehlhorn, H., 2016. Animal parasites: diagnosis, treatment, prevention. 7th edition, Springer Spektrum, Switzerland.
Mughal, M.A.S., Khan, M.K., Abbas, Z., Chatha, A.K., Abbas, R.Z., Qureshi, A.S.,Mahmood, M.S., Ali, S., Sindhu, Z., Zafar, A., Nadeem, M., Tariq, H., 2022. Firstreport on the epidemiology of Buxtonella sulcata in bovines in Pakistan. Researchsquare. Available online: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1651920/v1.
Omeragić, J., Crnkić, Ć., 2015. Diarrhea in cattle caused by Buxtonella sulcata in Sarajevo area. Veterinaria. 64(2), 50–54.
Pomajbíková, K., Oborník, M., Horák, A., Petrželková, K.J., Grim, J.N., Levecke, B., Todd,A., Mulama, M., Kiyang, J., Modrý, D., 2013. Novel insights into the genetic diversity of balantidium and balantidium-like cyst-forming ciliates. PLoS. Negl.Trop. Dis. 7(3), e2140.
Rees, C.W., 1930. Studies on the morphology and behaviour of Buxtonella sulcata from cattle and of balantidium coli from the pig. Parasitol. 22(3), 314-325.
Shibitov, S., Abdelhamid, M., 2022. Cattle buxtonellosis in Kaluga region in the RussianFederation. Parasitol. United. J. 15(2), 162-164.
Soulsby, E.J.L., 1986. Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals, 7th edition. Baillière Tindall, London, UK, pp. 593–614.
Sultan, K., Khalafalla, R.E., Elseify, M.A., 2013. Preliminary investigation on Buxtonella sulcata (Jameson, 1926) (Ciliphora: Trichostomatidae) in Egyptian ruminants. J. Vet.Med. Res. 22(1), 91–94.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., Kumar, S., 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(12), 2725–2729.
Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L., Wall, R.L., 2007. Veterinary parasitology 3rd edition. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J., 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positionspecific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic. Acids. Res. 22(22), 4673-4680.
Tomczuk, K., Kurek, Ł., Stec, A., Studzińska M., Mochol J., 2005. Incidence and clinical aspects of colon ciliate Buxtonella sulcata infection in cattle. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy.49(1), 29-33.
Trotz-Williams, L.A., Jarvie, B.D., Peregrine, A.S., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., 2011. Efficacy of halofuginone lactate in the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves. Vet. Rec. 168(19), 509.
Wang, Y., Jiang Y., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Katz, L.A., Gao, F., Yan, Y., 2020. Comparative Studies on the Polymorphism and Copy Number Variation of mtSSU rDNA in Ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora): Implications for Phylogenetic, Environmental, and Ecological
Research. Microorganisms. 8(3), 316.