The current and advanced situation of ram semen quality in Bangladesh https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2025.063
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to survey the literature on Bangladeshi rams’ semen characteristics, quality evaluation, and production required for sheep breeding and production strategy programs. The ram potentiality must be assessed to optimize production performance and maximize stakeholders’ use of high genetic values. This is usually accomplished through an andrological examination of the male, which evaluates the characteristics and quality of the sperm produced. Microscopic semen evaluations, such as sperm motility, viability, normal morphology, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity, and macroscopic semen evaluations, such as semen volume, color, and pH, enable the identification and removal of clear-cut cases of male infertility or subfertility. Therefore, the current paper reviewed, discussed, summarized, and compared all the research performed on Bangladeshi rams’ semen characteristics, quality evaluation, and production.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Ahmed, S., Rakib, M.R.H., Yesmin, M., Sultana, N., Jahan, N., Ershaduzamman, M., 2018. Evaluation of lamb production potentiality of the Barind, Jamuna river basin, and coastal region sheep of Bangladesh under intensive management. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. 5(1), 37-43
Amann, R.P., Hammerstedt, R.H., 1993. In vitro evaluation of sperm quality: an opinion. J. Androl. 14(6), 397-406.
Amann, R.P., 1989. Can the fertility potential of a seminal sample be predicted accurately. J. Androl. 10(2), 89-98.
Arifiantini, R., Wresdiayati, T., Retnani, E., 2006. Kaji banding morfometri spermatozoa sapi bali (bos sondaicus) menggunaican pewarnaan williams, eosin, eosin nigrosin dan formol-saline = Comparative study of bali bull cattle (bos sondaicus) sperm morphometry. J. Sain. Veteriner. 24(1), 65-70.
Asaduzzaman, M., Jar, P.K., Alam, M.G.S., Bari, F.Y., 2020. Multi-farm evaluation of morphometric, reproductive, and productive traits of Jamuna basin indigenous and Muzaffarnagari cross-breed sheep of Bangladesh. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 13(1), 31-50.
Asaduzzaman, M., Saha, A., Akter, S., Biswas, S., Alam, M.G.S., Bari, F.Y., 2021. Quality changes in spermatozoa of exotic muzaffarnagari cross-breed ram semen during the stages of frozen production. Online J. Anim. Feed. Res. 11(6), 206-212.
Ax, R.L., Dally, M., Didion, B.A., Lenz, R.W., Love, C.C., Varner, D.D., Hafez, B., Bellin, M.E., 2000. Semen evaluation. In: Hafez, E.S.E., Hafez, B. (Eds.), Reproduction in farm animals, (7th edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., pp. 363-375.
Bag, S., Joshi, A., Rawat, P.S., Mittal, J.P., 2002. Effect of initial freezing temperature on the semen characteristics of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa in a semi-arid tropical environment. Small. Rumin. Res. 43(1), 23-29.
Baril, G., Leboeuf, B., Saumande, J., 1993. Synchronization of estrus in goats: the relationship between time of occurrence of estrus and fertility following artificial insemination. Theriogenology. 40(3), 621-628.
Benia, A.R., Saadi, M.A., Ait-Amrane, A., Belhamiti, T.B., Selles, S.M.A., Kaidi, R., 2018. Effect of season and age on main characteristics of sperm production in the Ouled-Djellal rams. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 30(1), 1-14.
Boshoff, N.H., 2014. The influence of genotype on sperm motility and sperm head morphometry of Merino (Ovis aries) sheep (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University.
Brito, L.F., Barth, A.D., Bilodeau-Goeseels, S., Panich, P.L., Kastelic, J.P., 2003. Comparison of methods to evaluate the plasmalemma of bovine sperm and their relationship with in vitro fertilization rate. Theriogenology. 60(8), 1539-1551.
Cameron, A.W.N., Tilbrook, A.J., Lindsay, D.R., Fairnie, I.J., Keogh, E.J., 1987. The number of spermatozoa required by naturally mated ewes and the ability of rams to meet these requirements. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 13(2), 91-104.
Chacarov, E.L., Mollova, M.V., 1976. A one-act differential stain of the acrosome with active dyes. Reprod. 48(1), 245-NP.
Chaki, A.R., Bari, F.Y., Alam, M.G.S., Ahmmed, M.F., 2015. Effects of duration of preservation and glycerol percentages on quality of frozen ram semen. Int. J. Nat. Soc. 2(4), 44-51
Correa, J.R., Zavos, P.M., 1994. The hypoosmotic swelling test: its employment as an assay to evaluate the functional integrity of the frozen-thawed bovine sperm membrane. Theriogenology. 42(2), 351-360.
Correa, L.M., Thomas, A., Meyers, S.A., 2007. The macaque sperm actin cytoskeleton reorganizes in response to osmotic stress and contributes to morphological defects and decreased motility. Biol. Reprod. 77(6), 942-953.
Dabas, S.D., Suthar, B.N., Kavani, F.S., 1997. Seasonal variations in seminal characteristics of patanwadi ram. Indian. J. Anim. Reprod. 18(1), 70-72.
Department of Livestock Services, 2019. Livestock economy at a glance 2018-2019. DLS, Bangladesh.
de Paz, P., Esteso, M.C., Alvarez, M., Mata, M., Chamorro, C.A., Anel, L., 2010. Development of an extender based on soybean lecithin for its application in liquid ram semen. Theriogenology. 74(4), 663-671.
Dhurvey, M., Gupta, V.K., Nema, S.P., Patidar, A., Shivhare, M., Singh, N., Shakya, V., 2012. Modern semen evaluation techniques in domestic animals: a review. DHR-IJBLS. 3(1), 62-83.
Dominguez, M.P., Falcinelli, A., Hozbor, F., Sanchez, E., Cesari, A., Alberio, R.H., 2008. Seasonal variations in the composition of ram seminal plasma and its effect on frozen-thawed ram sperm. Theriogenology. 69(5), 564-573.
Elsharif, B.A.A., 2010. Reproductive traits and freezability of semen of rams from two desert sheep ecotypes in Sudan (Doctoral dissertation). University of Khartoum.
Evans, G., Maxwell, W.C., 1987. Salamons' artificial insemination of sheep and goats. Available online: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02361195.
Felipe-Pérez, Y.E., de Lourdes Juárez-Mosqueda, M., Hernández-González, E.O., de Jesús Valencia, J., 2008. Viability of fresh and frozen bull sperm compared by two staining techniques. Acta. Vet. Bras. 2(4), 123-130.
Fernandez-Abella, D., Preve, M.O., Villegas, N., 2003. Insemination time and dilution rate of cooled and chilled ram semen affect fertility. Theriogenology. 60(1), 21-26.
Fernández‐Juan, M., Gallego, M., Barrios, B., Osada, J., Cebrián‐Pérez, J.A., Muiño‐Blanco, T., 2006. Immunohistochemical localization of sperm‐preserving proteins in the ram reproductive tract. J. Androl. 27(4), 588-595.
Gil, J., Rodriguez-Irazoqui, M., Lundeheim, N., Söderquist, L., Rodrı́guez-Martı́nez, H., 2003. Fertility of ram semen frozen in Bioexcell® and used for cervical artificial insemination. Theriogenology. 59(5-6), 1157-1170.
Graffer, T., Solbu, H., Filseth, O., 1988. Semen production in artificial insemination bulls in Norway. Theriogenology. 30(5), 1011-1021.
Gundogan, F., Elwood, G., Mark, P., Feijoo, A., Longato, L., Tong, M., de La Monte, S.M., 2010. Ethanol‐induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat placenta: relevance to pregnancy loss. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 34(3), 415-423.
Hafez, E.S.E., Hafez, B., 2013. Reproduction in farm animals. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
Hafez, E.S.E., Hafez, B., 2000. Fertilization and cleavage, In: Hafez, E.S.E., Hafez, B. (Eds.), Reproduction in farm animals, (7th edition). Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, pp. 110-125.
Hafez, E.S.E., 1993. Semen evaluation. In: Hafez, E.S.E. (Ed), Reproduction in farm animals, (6th edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., pp. 405-423.
Hafez, E.S.E., 2000. Preservation and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos. In: Hafez, E.S.E. (Ed), Reproduction in farm animals, (7th edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., pp. 431-442.
Hancock, J.L., 1956. The morphology of boar spermatozoa. J. R. Microsc. Soc. 76(3), 84-97.
Hassan, M.R., Talukder, M.A.I., 2011. Comparative performance of different regional native sheep in Bangladesh. Bangladesh. Vet. 28(2), 85-95.
Hassan, M.R., Pervage, S., Ershaduzzaman, M., Talukder, M.A.I., 2009. Influence of age on the spermiogramic parameters of native sheep. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. 7(2), 301-304.
Hossain, A., Islam, M.M., Naznin, F., Ferdousi, R.N., Bari, F.Y., Juyena, N.S., 2016. Quality of ram spermatozoa separated with the modified swim-up method. Bangladesh Vet. 33(2), 62-70.
Islam, S., Bhuiyan, A.F.H., Ersaduzzaman, M.H., Lee, S.H., Bhuiyan, M.S.A., 2018. Morphometric features, production and reproduction potentials of indigenous sheep genetic resources of Bangladesh. J. Anim. Breed Genet. 2(2), 107-115.
Jeyendran, R.S., Gunawardana, V.K., Barisic, D., Wentz, A.C., 1995. TEST-yolk media and sperm quality. Hum. Reprod. Update. 1(1), 73-79.
Jha, P.K., Alam, M.G.S., Al Mansur, M.A., Islam, M.T., Bari, F.Y., 2018. Selection of breeding rams by evaluating semen quality. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 11(1), 9-20.
Jha, P.K., Alam, M.G.S., Mansur, A.A., Naher, N., Islam, T., Bhuiyan, M.U., Bari, F.Y., 2019. Cryopreservation of Bangladeshi ram semen using different diluents and manual freezing techniques. Cryobiol. 89, 35-41
Jha, P.K., Paul, A.K., Rahman, M.B., Tanjim, M., Bari, F.Y., Alam, M.G., 2013. Improvement of preservation quality of chilled bull semen using α-tocopherol as an antioxidant. J. Emb. Trans. 28, 31-39.
Juyena, N.S., Stelletta, C., 2012. Seminal plasma: an essential attribute to spermatozoa. J. Androl. 33(4), 536-551.
Juyena, N.S., 2011. Protein profiles and biochemical characteristics of semen: influence on frozen-thawed spermatozoal quality in rams (Ovies aries) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos). University of Padua, Padova.
Karatzas, G., Karagiannidis, A., Varsakeli, S., Brikas, P., 1997. Fertility of fresh and frozen-thawed goat semen during the non-breeding season. Theriogenology. 48(6), 1049-1059.
Khan, K.I., Hossain, I., Momin, M., Miah, G., Quader, N., Miazi, O.F., 2019. Traits of sheep and effects of protein supplements on semen profile in indigenous sheep of Bangladesh. J. Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 24(2), 73-80.
Kumar, D., Kumar, P., Yadav, P., 2016. Quantitative evaluation of buffalo semen by CASA during cryopreservation process. Indian. J. Anim. Reprod. 37(1), 15-18.
Mafolo, K.S., 2018. Characterization and cryopreservation of Bapedi ram semen in tris egg yolk extender supplemented with phosphatidylcholine (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Limpopo.
Mahmuda, B.B.A., Nesa, A., Zohara, B.F., Alam, M.G.S., Bari, F.Y., 2015. Effect of preservation time on the quality of frozen semen in indigenous rams. Bangladesh. J. Anim. Sci. 44(1), 10-15.
Malama, E., Bollwein, H., Taitzoglou, I.A., Theodosiou, T., Boscos, C.M., Kiossis, E., 2013. Chromatin integrity of ram spermatozoa. Relationships to annual fluctuations of scrotal surface temperature and temperature-humidity index. Theriogenology. 80(5), 533-541.
Mandiki, S.N.M., Bister, J.L., Paquay, R., 1990. Effects of suckling mode on endocrine control of reproductive activity resumption in Texel ewes lambing in July or November. Theriogenology. 33(2), 397-413.
Mann, T., Lutwak-Mann, C., 1981. Male reproductive function and semen. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 195–196.
Mann, T., 1964. The biochemistry of semen and the male reproductive tract. Methuen, London.
Mansour, N., McNiven, M.A., Richardson, G.F., 2006. The effect of dietary supplementation with blueberry, α-tocopherol, or astaxanthin on oxidative stability of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) semen. Theriogenology. 66(2), 373-382.
Macfarlane, J.S., 1991. Salamon's artificial insemination of sheep and goats. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod. 23(2), 114-114.
Matshaba, B., 2010. Characterization and cryopreservation of South African unimproved indigenous goat semen (Doctoral Dissertation). University of the Free State.
Mazur, P., 1984. Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 247(3), C125-C142.
Mitchell, J.R., Doak, G.A., Herman, H.A., 2004. The artificial insemination and Embryo transfer of dairy and beef cattle (including information about goats, sheep, horses, swine, and other animals): a handbook and laboratory manual. The Interstate Printers and Publishers, Illinois.
Moussa, L.A., 1999. Evaluation of Nagdi rams spermatozoa using hypoosmotic test. Zagazig. Vet. J. 27, 26-33.
Nalley, W.M.M., Arifiantini, R.I., 2013. The hypo-osmotic swelling test in fresh garut ram spermatozoa. J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 38(4), 212-216.
Naz, R.K., Rajesh, P.B., 2004. Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation/acrosome reaction. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2(1), 1-12.
Neild, D.N., Gadella, B.M., Agüero, A., Stout, T.A.E., Colenbrander, B., 2005. Capacitation, acrosome function, and chromatin structure in stallion sperm. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 89, 47-56.
Nilani, K., Eswaramohan, T., Balasubramaniam, K., 2012. Influence of temperature on motility and viability of bovine spermatozoa during cold storage. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 2(12), 1-5.
O’Hara, L., Hanrahan, J.P., Richardson, L., Donovan, A., Fair, S., Evans, A.C.O., Lonergan, P., 2010. Effect of storage duration, storage temperature, and diluent on the viability and fertility of fresh ram sperm. Theriogenology. 73(4), 541-549.
Panin, A., Mahabile, M., 1997. Profitability and household income contribution of small ruminants to small-scale farmers in Botswana. Small. Rumin. Res. 25(1), 9-15.
Partyka, A., Niżański, W., Ochota, M., 2012. Methods of assessment of cryopreserved semen. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Malgorzata-Ochota/ publication/221939799_Methods_of_assessment_of_cryopreserved_semen/links/02e7e52a592ffb6b33000000/Methods-of-assessment-of-cryopreserved-semen.pdf.
Patel, B.R., Siddiquee, G.M., 2013. Physical and morphological characteristics of Kankrej bull semen. Vet. World. 6(7), 405-408.
Pereira, R.J.T.A., Tuli, R.K., Wallenhorst, S., Holtz, W., 2000. The effect of heparin, caffeine, and calcium ionophore A 23187 on in vitro induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine and caprine spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 54(2), 185-192.
Perumal, P., Srivastava, S.K., Ghosh, S.K., Baruah, K.K., 2014. Computer-assisted sperm analysis of freezable and nonfreezable Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen. J. Anim. 2014, 675031.
Pervage, S., Ershaduzzaman, M., Talukder, M.A.I., Hasan, M.N., Khandoker, M.A.M.Y., 2009. Phenotypic characteristics of indigenous sheep of Bangladesh. Bangladesh. J. Anim. Sci. 38(1-2), 1-6.
Pickett, B.W., Berndtson, W.E., 1978. Principles and techniques of freezing spermatozoa. In: Salisbury, G.W., VanDemark, N.L., Lodge, J.R. (Eds.), Physiology of reproduction and artificial insemination of cattle, (2nd edition). Freeman & Co., San Francisco, pp. 494-554.
Rahman, H.M.R., Paul, A.K., Maruf, A.A., Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.T., Bari, F.Y., 2015. Characterization of native ram semen in Bangladesh. Wayamba J. Anim. Sci. 7, 1076-1083.
Rahman, M., Gofur, M., Bari, F., Juyena, N., 2018. Effect of skim milk and tris-citrate extenders to preserve the semen of indigenous ram of Bangladesh. Asian. J. Biol. 5(2), 1-11.
Rahman, M.H., 2005. National livestock policy document: dairy development and meat production. FAO, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rekha, A., Zohara, B.F., Bari, F.Y., Alam, M.G.S., 2018. Comparisons of commercial Triladyl and locally manufactured extenders for the chilling of semen and their effects on pregnancy rates after transcervical AI in Bangladeshi Indigenous (Ovis aries) sheep. Anim. Reprod. 13(4), 735-742.
Ricker, J.V., Linfor, J.J., Delfino, W.J., Kysar, P., Scholtz, E.L., Tablin, F., Crowe, J.H., Ball, B.A., Meyers, S.A., 2006. Equine sperm membrane phase behavior: the effects of lipid-based cryoprotectants. Biol. Reprod. 74(2), 359-365.
Rodriguez‐Martinez, H., 2003. Laboratory semen assessment and prediction of fertility: still utopia?. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 38(4), 312-318.
Rowe, P.J., Comhaire, F., Hargreaves, T., Mellows, H., 1993. WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Saeid, M., Doronin, U.K., Kadivar, S., 2006. Study on qualitative change of spermatozoid on Lori ram in vitro. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 9(11), 2165-2167.
Saha, A., Asaduzzaman, M., Akter, S., Bari, F.Y., 2021. Effect of different preservation time of chilled semen on the fertility of field indigenous ewes. Agril. Sci. Digest. 42(2), 223-227.
Sardar, M.J.U., 2016. Report on Importance of Muzaffarnagar sheep farm in meat production of Bangladesh. Khamar, a monthly Magazine on Poultry, Livestock and Fisheries, XXII(01), 6-14.
Selvaraju, S., Ghosh, J., David, C.G., Reddy, I.J., Ravindra, J.P., 2008. Sperm nuclear morphology about sperm functional tests in assessing buffalo semen. Indian. Vet. J. 85(5), 505-507.
Sharmin, S., Islam, M.M., Saha, A., Akter, S., Juyena, N.S., Bari, F.Y., 2021. Quality of ram semen to scrotal size. Bangladesh. Vet. 38, 1-9
Söderquist, L., Janson, L., Larsson, K., Einarsson, S., 1991. Sperm morphology and fertility in AI bulls. J. Vet. Med. Series A. 38(1‐10), 534-543.
Taloni, A., Font-Clos, F., Guidetti, L., Milan, S., Ascagni, M., Vasco, C., Pasini, M.E., Gioria, M.R., Ciusani, E., Zapperi, S., La Porta, C.A., 2017. Probing spermiogenesis: a digital strategy for mouse acrosome classification. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 3748.
Trout, S.W., 2013. Evaluation of different concentrations of egg yolk in canine frozen semen extender (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Tsakmakidis, I.A., 2016. Semen analysis and sperm function tests as diagnostic tools for male animals’ infertility. J. Vet. Sci. Res. 1(1), 000104.
Verma, N.K., Kumar, S., Mohan, G., Bisht, G.S., 1999. Freezability and enzyme leakage of crossbred (hf xh) bull semen in 3 dilators in the presence of chlorpromazine HCl. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 69(10),770-772.
Verstegen, J., Iguer-Ouada, M., Onclin, K., 2002. Computer-assisted semen analyzers in andrology research and veterinary practice. Theriogenology. 57(1), 149-179.
Watson, P.F., 1990. Artificial insemination and the preservation of semen. In: Lamming, E.G. (Ed), MarshaIl's physiology of reproduction, Volume 2. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp. 746-869.
Williams, J.A., Bell, J.B., Carroll, S.B., 1991. Control of Drosophila wing and haltere development by the nuclear vestigial gene product. Genes. Dev. 5(12b), 2481-2495.
Witte, T.S., Schäfer-Somi, S., 2007. Involvement of cholesterol, calcium, and progesterone in the induction of capacitation and acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 102(3-4), 181-193.
World Health Organisation, 1999. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Zohara, B.F., Bari, F., Alam, M.G.S., 2014. Effects of the proportion of egg yolk and preservation time on chilled semen from indigenous rams. GSTF Int. J. Vet. Sci. 1(1), 18-26.