Improving feed efficiency and antioxidant properties in Thai native chickens by supplementing Thai rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatic (Lam.) Merr.) powder https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2025.015
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the benefits of adding Thai rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatic (Lam.) Merr.) powder to the diet of Thai native chickens. Using a randomized completely block design (RCBD), 200 mixed-gender chickens were assigned to groups that received varying amounts of rice paddy herb powder (RPHP): 0% (Control), 1% (RPHP1), 2% (RPHP2), and 3% (RPHP3), along with oxytetracycline (OTC) at 0.25% in the diet. The addition of RPHP to the diet did not result in significant changes in body weight, body weight gain, or average daily gain (P>0.05). When compared to the control group, the RPHP-supplemented group had significantly lower feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Both RPHP1 and RPHP2 groups had comparable total feed costs and benefit-cost ratios to the control group (P>0.05). In contrast, the inclusion of OTC increased total feed costs, resulting in a lower benefit-cost ratio (P<0.05). Carcass analysis revealed no significant effects from RPHP supplementation, whereas OTC significantly reduced spleen percentage and spleen index (P<0.05). Except for the lightness of breast meat, which decreased significantly in the RPHP2 group compared to the control group (P<0.05), meat quality did not differ significantly among treatment groups (P>0.05). Additionally, supplementation of RPHP, particularly RPHP3, increased SOD and T-AOC levels in meat while decreasing O2- and MDA levels (P<0.05). Taken together, these findings indicated that Thai native chickens fed Thai rice paddy herb powder increased feed efficiency without changing meat quality or carcass characteristics. The inclusion of RPHP at a concentration of 3% in the diet showed potential in enhancing the antioxidant properties of meat.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Adams, J.R., Mehat, J., La Ragione, R., Behboudi, S., 2023. Preventing bacterial disease in poultry in the post-antibiotic era: a case for innate immunity modulation as an alternative to antibiotic use. Front. Immunol. 14, 1205869.
Akinyemi, F., Adewole, D., 2021. Environmental stress in chickens and the potential effectiveness of dietary vitamin supplementation. Front. Anim. Sci. 2, 775311.
Ahmad, H., Tian, J., Wang, J., Khan, M.A., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, T., 2012. Effects of dietary sodium selenite and selenium yeast on antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 60(29), 7111-7120.
AOAC, 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analysis, 15th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.
Bertolín, J.R., Joy, M., Blanco, M., 2019. Malondialdehyde determination in raw and processed meat products by UPLC-DAD and UPLC-FLD. Food. Chem. 298, 125009.
Bui, M.L., Grayer, R.J., Veitch, N.C., Kite, G.C., Tran, H., Nguyen, Q.K., 2004. Uncommon 8-oxygenated flavonoids from Limnophila aromatica (Scrophulariaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 32, 943-947.
Cortes, C., Palin, M.F., Gagnon, M., Benchaar, C., Lacasse, P., Petit, H.V., 2012. Mammary gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in milk and plasma of dairy cows fed flax lignans and infused with flax oil in the abomasum. Br. J. Nutr. 108(8), 1390-1398.
Chen, P., Ma, Q.G., Ji, C., Zhang, J.Y., Zhao, L.H., Zhang, Y., Jie, Y.Z., 2011. Dietary lipoic acid influences antioxidant capability and oxidative Status of Broilers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12(12), 8476-8488.
Choprakan, K., 1998. Handbook development of native chicken production and hybrid native chicken. National Research Council, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1-66. (In Thai)
Dityana, A.M., Yunianto, V.D., Krismiyanto, L., Sugiharto, S., 2024. Effect of encapsulated Medinilla javanensis fruit extract on growth, protein digestibility and health of broilers. Vet. Integr. Sci. 22(2), 475-487.
Department of Livestock Development, 2017. Department of livestock development strategy 2018 - 2022. Available online: https://planning.dld.go.th/th/images/stories/section-5/2561/strategy01.pdf. (In Thai)
Ekpong, B., Namdang, N., Wiyachai, T., 2009. Potential of indigenous vegetables production for commercial in Ubon Ratchathani province via Academia Article. In Proceedings of the 47th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Bangkok, Thailand. 17-20 March 2009. (In Thai)
Glinubon, J., Siriboon, C., Salangam, I., Nopparatmaitree, M., Chaiwang, N., Bunmee, T., 2022a. Effects of supplementing mangosteen peel powder (Garcinia mangostana L.) in broiler feed on production performance carcass composition and meat quality. Khon Kaen. Agr. J. 50(2), 516-526 (In Thai)
Glinubon, J., Nopparatmaitree, M., Chaiwang, N., Bunmee, T., Setthaya, P., Suwanlee, S., Lunpha, A., Yeanpet, C., Siriboon, C., 2022b. Effect of dietary supplementation with Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata) extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers. IJAT. 18(2), 511-524.
Gorai, D., Roy, R., Sarkar, A., Roy, D.K., 2014. Chemical and pharmacological aspects of Limnophila geoffrayi: an update. World. J. Pharm. Sci. 2(11), 1582-1586.
Hosseindoust, A., Oh, S.M., Ko, H.S., Jeon, S.M., Ha, S.H., Jang, A., Son, J.S., Kim, G, Y., Kang, H.K., Kim, J.S., 2020. Muscle antioxidant activity and meat quality are altered by supplementation of astaxanthin in broilers exposed to high temperature. Antioxidant. 9(11), 1032.
Hadai, N., Somkuna, N., Rattanasinphong, K., 2020. Effect of dietary supplementation of king of bitter (Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.f) Wall.ex Nees) on productive performance of white tail-yellow native chicken. TJST. 4(2), 53-63. (In Thai)
Homhual, S., 2010. Herbal database Faculty of Pharmacy Ubonratchathani University. Available online: http://www.phargarden.com/main.php?action=viewpage&pid=55. (In Thai)
Jankham, A., Rattana, K., Sangchanjiradet, S., Dasri, K., Matchima, K., Munglue, P., 2020. Effects of nevadensin from rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) on growth and physiological parameters of hybrid Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus× C. gariepinus). JFHB. 13(1), 43-57.
Jekmadan, C., Srisaard, K., Promkhen, T., Salangam, I., Klin-ubon, J., Siriboon C., 2021. Effects of the level of Eryngium Foetidum powder supplementation in broiler chicken diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics. and meat quality via Academia Article. In Proceedings of the 15th National Academic Conference on Research at Ubonratchathani University, Ubonratchathani, Thailand, 22-24 July 2021. (In Thai)
Jachimowicz, K., Mieczan, A.W., Tomaszewska, E., 2022. The impact of herbal additives for poultry feed on the fatty acid profile of meat. Animals. 12(9), 1054.
Khang, N.T.K., Suong, N.T.M., Takahashi, M., 2024. Impact of heat stress on blood physiological parameters, body temperature, respiratory frequency, antioxidant status, carcass quality, production performance, and egg quality of Japanese quails. Vet. Integr. Sci. 22(3), 831-846.
Klin-ubon, J., Siriboon, C., 2021. Effects of Centella asiatica powder supplemented diet on growth performance and carcass quality of Pradu Hang Dam chicken. Khon. Kaen. Agr. J. 49(2), 658-664. (In Thai)
Khamkaen, N., Tansakul, P., Weerasathien, L., Tanamatyaratana, P., 2020. Four types of local vegetables boost immunity and antimicrobial via academia article. In Proceedings of the Center for Continuing Pharmacy Education, Nonthaburi, Thailand, 19 May 2020. (In Thai)
Kongrith, C., Vijitrotai, N., Sitthigripong, R., 2019. Effect of Zingiber cassumunar and Zingiber officinale in diets on productive performance and carcass quality of broiler. Khon Kaen Agr. J. 47(2), 1023-1028.
Kanani, P.B., Daneshyar, M., Aliakbarlu, J., Hamian, F., 2017. Effect of dietary turmeric and cinnamon powders on meat quality and lipid peroxidation of broiler chicken under heat stress condition. Vet. Res. Forum. 8(2), 163-169.
Kukongviriyapan, U., Luangaram, S., Leekhaosoong, K., Kukongviriyapan, V., Preeprame, S., 2007. Antioxidant and vascular protective activities of Cratoxylum formosum, (Syzygium gratum and Limnophila aromatica. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30(4), 661-666.
Loengbudnark, W., Chankitisakul, V., Boonkum, W., 2023. The genetic impact of heat stress on the egg production of Thai native chickens (Pradu Hang dum). Plos one. 18(2), 1-15.
Laeadon, K., Patitungko, S., Patitungko, K., 2019. Raising chickens with supplements from tamarind seed husks to reduce production costs for farmers in Buriram Province. RCMRJ. 20(1), 33-40. (In Thai)
Laopaiboon, B., Duangjinda, M., 2012. Thai native chickens: past, present, and future. Khon Kaen Agr. J. 40, 309-312. (In Thai)
Marupanthorn, K., Krutthai, N., Wattanakul, W., Kedpanyapong, W., Setthaya, P., Chaiwang, N., 2024. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, blood hematology, immunity, carcass, and meat quality of Mae Hong Son chicken. Vet. Integr. Sci. 22(1), 335-348.
Minanga, R.L., Ampode, K.M.B., 2021. Dietary effect of Tamarindus indica leaf meal on the growth performance, cell-mediated immunity, carcass yield, and economic traits in broiler chickens. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 19(4), 150-161.
Munteanu, I.G., Apetrei, C., 2021. Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: a review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(7), 3380.
Norkeaw, R., Arjin, C., Sartsook, A., Hnokaew, P., Thongkham, M., Detruengsri, B., Chaiwang, N., Mekchay, S., Yano, T., Sringarm, K., 2022. Effect of dietary green tea extract supplementation in growing-finishing pigs on growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative stability of pork. Vet. Integr. Sci. 20(3), 571-583.
Nakchat, O., Aekthong, W., Kongluk, O., 2014. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant effects in Thai rice paddy herb powder. Koch. Cha. Sarn. 36(2), 55-64. (In Thai)
Oloruntola, O.D., Agbede, J.O., Ayodele, S.O., Oloruntola, D.A., 2018. Neem, pawpaw and bamboo leaf meal dietary supplementation in broiler chickens effect on performance and health status. J. Food. Biochem. 43(2), e12723.
Punyatong, M., Kanjak, P., Tapingkae, W., Lumsangkul, C., Moonmanee, T., Van Doan, H., Khamtavee, P., 2024. Effect of fresh azolla (Azolla pinnata) feed replacement on growth performance, carcass quality, and oxidative stress in Thai native crossbred chicken.Vet. Integr. Sci. 22(3), 1019–1028.
Prihambodo, T.R., Sholikin, M.M., Qomariyah, N., Jayanegara, A., Batubara, I., Utomo, D.B., Nahrowi, N., 2021. Effects of dietary flavonoids on performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology of broilers: a meta-analysis. Anim. Biosci. 34(3), 434-442.
Pastsart, U., Nakawiroj, P., Pimpa, O., Khamseekhiew, B., 2021. Effect of dietary supplementation of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality broilers. Khon Kaen Agr. J. 49(1), 427-431. (In Thai)
Pastsart, U., 2018. Effect of dietary Piper samentosum (Wild betal) leaves on activity of antioxidant enzymes in chicken meat. Prawarun. Agr. J. 15(2), 319-324.
Pimson, C., Bakban, P., Suwanrat, S., Chanutsa, N., 2018. The effect of curcumin on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant activities in broiler chickens. Vet. Integr. Sci. 16(2), 95-107. (In Thai)
Pauzenga, U., 1985. Feeding parent stock. University of Guelph. Ontario, Canada, pp. 22–25.
Regie, L., 2021. Economic evaluation of broiler supplemented with fermented Mansanitas (Muntingia calabura) leaves via Poster Session Presentation. In Proceedings of the towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future on animal feed and nutrition, Camiguin, Philippines, 12 September 2022.
Reitznerová, A., Šuleková, M., Nagy, J., Marcinčák, S., Semjon, B., Čertík, M., Klempová, T., 2017. Lipid peroxidation process in meat and meat products: a comparison study of malondialdehyde determination between modified 2-thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometric method and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Molecules. 22(11), 1988.
Rajput, N., Muhammad, N., Yan, R., Zhong, X., Wang, T., 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of curcumin on growth performance, intestinal morphology and nutrients utilization of broiler chicks. J. Poult. Sci. 50(1), 44-52.
Rossell, J.B., 1994. Measurement of Rancidity. In: Allen, J.C., Hamilton, R.J. (Eds.), Rancidity in foods. Blackie Academic and Professional, London, UK.
SAS Institute, 2023. SAS® Users' guide statistics of on demand for academics. SAS Institute, North Carolina, NC, USA.
Suebsima, B., Lunpha, A., Siriboon, C., 2023. Effects of replacing soybean meal with Giant Mimosa (Mimosa pigra L.) leaf meal in diet on productive performance, carcass characteristics, and apparent digestibility of native chickens (Leung Hang Kao). Agr. Nat. Resour. 57(6), 1025-1032.
Somkuna, E., Intaravicha, N., Maksuwan, A., 2023. Effects of natural environmental structure on growth performance of indigenous chicks (Lueng Hang Khao). JVIA. 6(2), 68-83. (In Thai)
Sripontan, P., Yee, S., 2020. Effects of rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica Merr.) powder in diet on the performances of nursery pig production. JVIA. 4(2), 49-55. (In Thai)
Surai, P.F., 2016. Antioxidant systems in poultry biology: superoxide dismutase. Anim. Nutr. 1(1), 8.
Surai P.F., Kochish, l.l., Fisinin, V.I., Kidd, M.T., 2019. Antioxidant defense systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology: an update. Antioxidants. 8(7), 235.
Sitthisuang, P., 2016. Effects of herbal supplements on the growth and texture quality of broiler chickens. King Mongkuts Agric. J. 34(3), 117-125. (In Thai)
Sandri, I.G., Zacaria, J., Fracaro, F., Delamare, A.P.L., Echeverrigaray, S., 2007. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Brazilian species of the genus Cunila against foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. Food. Chem. 103(3), 823-828.
Sacchetti, G., Maietti, S., Muzzoli, M., Scaglianti, M., Manfredini, S., Radice, M., Bruni, R., 2005. Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food. Chem. 91(4), 621–632.
Sribusarakum, A., Bunyapraphatsara, N., Vajragupta, O., Watanabe, H., 2004. Antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica Merr. TJPS. 11(2), 11-17.
Thuy, N.T., Ha, N.C., 2023. Effects of organic acid and garlic powder supplementations in the diet on growth and intestinal microflora of the exotic Tam Hoang chickens. Vet. Integr. Sci. 21(2), 557-565.
Thaipratum, R., 2014. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr.). Int. J. Chem. Eng. 8(5), 497-499.
Wang, D., Wang, D., Pu, L., Wei, G., 2020. Improved antioxidant capacity and immune function of broiler chickens fed with selenium-enriched Candida utilis. Braz. J. Poult. 22(2).
Wu, J., Ibtisham, F., Niu, Y.F., Wang, Z., Li, G.H., Zhao, Y., Nawab, A., Xiao, M., An, L., 2019. Curcumin inhibits heat-induced oxidative stress by activating the MAPK Nrf2 / ARE signaling pathway in chicken fibroblast cells. J. Therm. Biol. 79, 112–119.
Wuthijaree, K., Lambertz, C., Vearasilp, T., Anusatsananun, V., Gauly, M., 2019. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in Thai indigenous chickens raised under backyard conditions in Northern Thailand. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28(1), 221-229.
Wongtha, S., Rattana, K., Sangchanjiradet, S., Dasri, K., Munglue, P., 2019. Dietary supplementation with Limnophila aromatica extract on growth performance and physiological responses in Rana rugulosa. JFHB. 12(3), 1-12.
Wanyo, P., Huaisan, K., Chamsai, T., 2018. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Thai rice paddy herb as affected by different drying temperatures. IJAT. 14, 423-440.
Witabot, T., 2018. The pattern type of Tanaosree native crossbred chicken feeding to the growth performance and carcass quality. J. Sci. Technol. 27(2), 276-287. (In Thai)
Yanin, T., Poltee, N., Chukiatsiri, K., Panatuk, J., 2016. Supplementation of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens Linn.) in diet on yield performance and carcass quality of Pradu Hang Dum local chicken breed. Khon Kaen Agr. J. 44(1), 460-464. (In Thai)
Zhang, S., Kim, I.H., 2020. Effect of quercetin (flavonoid) supplementation on growth performance, meat stability, and immunological response in broiler chickens. Livest. Sci. 242, 104286.
Zhang, J., Hu, Z., Lu, C., Bai, K., Zhang, L., Wang, T., 2015. Effect of various levels of dietary curcumin on meat quality and antioxidant profile of breast muscle in broilers. Agric. Food. Chem. 63(15), 3880-3886.