Preventing ruminal acidosis and optimizing ruminant performance by carbonate buffer supplementation: A review https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2026.040
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Abstract
Feeding high-concentrate diet is an effective way of improving the performance and feed efficiency of ruminants. However, feeding high-concentrate diet to ruminants may lead to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) incidence. This study aims to determine the effect of giving carbonate compounds to ruminants on high-concentrate feed. Carbonate compounds often function as a buffer to maintain rumen pH and prevent the occurrence of SARA. Several studies have shown that SARA can cause rumenitis, milk fat depression, laminitis, liver abscess, and death. Carbonate compounds can be given in single form or in combination with other compounds such as sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and magnesium (Mg2+). This combination often leads to the formation of complex compounds, such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and potassium carbonate (K2CO3). NaHCO3 has been reported to be one of the most popular carbonate compounds to prevent and reduce SARA. Consistent findings across several investigations indicate that supplementation of carbonate buffer at a level of 0.7%–1.5% plays a role in stabilizing ruminal pH, reducing the risk of SARA, and supporting efficient fermentation.
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