Splenic histiocytic sarcoma in an African hedgehog: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2026.055
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Abstract
This case report details the diagnosis and surgical management of splenic histiocytic sarcoma in a 3-year-old female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). The hedgehog presented with non-specific clinical signs including lethargy, decreased appetite and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly with two hypoechoic nodules. A definitive diagnosis was made through total splenectomy, followed by histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. The tumor cells showed intense positive cytoplasmic staining for the pan-macrophage marker IBA-1, confirming a histiocytic origin, whereas staining for CD3 and CD20 markers ruled out lymphoid tumors. Despite the initial postoperative improvement following splenectomy, the hedgehog's condition worsened, and the patient died 60 days after surgery. This report highlights the aggressive nature of splenic histiocytic sarcoma in hedgehogs and underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including advanced IHC markers, for accurate diagnosis and management.
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