Growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed blood meal from Pon-Yang-Kham fattening cattle https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2026.044
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Abstract
Slaughter of Pon Yang Kham cattle generates significant blood byproducts, which are largely underutilized, posing waste management challenges. This study aimed to transform this byproduct into blood meal, assess its nutritional value, and evaluate its efficacy as a fish meal substitute in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. Fresh cattle blood was heat-treated (100°C, 1 hour), dried (60°C, 3 hours to achieve water activity < 0.6), ground into meal, and analyzed. The blood meal contained 61.89% crude protein. Four isonitrogenous (31% crude protein) diets were formulated where fish meal protein was replaced by blood meal protein at 0% (T1control), 25% (T2), 50% (T3) and 75% (T4). These correspond to 0%, 6.25%, 12% and 17.25% blood meal in the total dietary ingredients, respectively. Nile tilapias (initial weight ~15g) were fed these diets for 60 days. Fish fed the T3 diet (50% protein replacement) exhibited the highest final weight (60.09g) and average daily gain (0.71 g/day), comparable to the control (T1). The feed conversion ratio for T3 (4.62) was not significantly different from T1 (4.44). Survival rates exceeded 90% across all treatments, with T3 achieving 100%. Water quality parameters were not adversely affected by blood meal inclusion. The T3 diet also reduced feed costs by 18.75% compared to the control. These findings suggest that Pon-Yang-Kham cattle blood meal is a viable, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative protein source for Nile tilapia feed, contributing to waste valorization.
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