Effect of soybean waste fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, hematological parameters, liver enzyme functions, and immunity of Vietnamese native chickens https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2026.049
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fermented soybean waste (FSW), produced by fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has emerged as a promising feed ingredient for poultry because of its potential to improve growth performance, health, and immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with FSW at various levels on growth performance, serum biochemistry, liver enzyme activity, and antibody titers against Newcastle disease in Vietnamese native chickens (Noi chickens). A total of 128 native chickens were assigned to four dietary treatments: control (0% FSW), 10% FSW (S1), 20% FSW (S2), and 30% FSW (S3). Each treatment was replicated four times. The experiment was conducted in mice between 5 and 12 weeks of age. Chickens in the S3 group showed higher body weights and average daily weight gain during weeks 5–9, along with an improved feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Serum biochemical and liver enzyme profiles remained within physiological ranges and did not differ significantly among treatments, indicating no adverse metabolic or hepatic effects. Newcastle disease virus antibody titers were elevated in S3 at 28 and 42 days of age (p < 0.05), suggesting a relatively enhanced early and sustained immune response compared to the control. By day 56, the antibody titers were no longer different among the groups (p > 0.05), suggesting a transient immunomodulatory effect. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FSW, particularly at 30%, improved growth performance and immune responses in native chickens without negatively affecting liver or metabolic health.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Ababor, S., Tamiru, M., Alkhtib, A., Wamatu, J., Kuyu, C.G., Teka, T.A., Terefe, L.A., Burton, E., 2023. The use of biologically converted agricultural byproducts in chicken nutrition. Sustainability. 15, 14562.
Amer, S.A., Behairy, A., Gouda, A., Abdel-Warith, A.W.A., Younis, E.M., Roushdy, E.M., Moustafa, A.A., Abd-Allah, N.A., Reda, R., Davies, S.J., 2023. Dietary 1, 3-β-Glucans affect growth, breast muscle composition, antioxidant activity, inflammatory response, and economic efficiency in broiler chickens. Life. 13, 751.
Aroh, I.M., Agboje, A.C., Ogbonna, G.N., Anyanka, S.O., Macartan, B.P., Ohanehi, H.A., Anigbogu, N.M., 2024. Sustainable poultry farming in developing nations: exploring cassava waste utilization for enhanced poultry production and economic viability. Anim. Res. One Health. 2, 308-313.
Azmi, A., Roslan, W., Rashid, A., Ngoo, S., Noor, M., Rashid, M., Saad, M., Adl, D., Hassim, H., 2023. Effects of adding soybean waste on growth performance and carcass quality in quails. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 11, 1307-1312.
Azrinnahar, M., Islam, N., Shuvo, A.A.S., Kabir, A.A., Islam, K.M.S., 2021. Effect of feeding fermented (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) de-oiled rice bran in broiler growth and bone mineralization. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 20, 476-481.
Chachaj, R., Sembratowicz, I., Krauze, M., Ognik, K., 2019. The effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with fermented soybean meal on chicken performance and immune status. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 28, 263-271.
Dai, Z., Cui, L., Li, J., Wang, B., Guo, L., Wu, Z., Zhu, W., Wu, G., 2020. Chapter 24 - Fermentation techniques in feed production. In: Bazer, F.W., Lamb, G.C., Wu, G. (Eds), Animal agriculture: sustainability, challenges and innovations. Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 407-429.
Feng, J., Liu, X., Xu, Z.R., Wang, Y.Z., Liu, J.X., 2007. Effects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broilers. Poult. Sci. 86, 1149-1154.
Hong, K.J., Lee, C.H., Kim, S.W., 2004. Aspergillus oryzae GB-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and feed soybean meals. J. Med. Food. 7, 430-435.
Irawan, A., Ratriyanto, A., Respati, A.N., Ningsih, N., Fitriastuti, R., Suprayogi, W.P.S., Hadi, R.F., Setyono, W., Akhirini, N., Jayanegara, A., 2022. Effect of feeding fermented soybean meal on broiler chickens’ performance: a meta-analysis. Anim. Biosci. 35, 1881.
Jazi, V., Ashayerizadeh, A., Toghyani, M., Shabani, A., Tellez, G., Toghyani, M., 2018. Fermented soybean meal exhibits probiotic properties when included in Japanese quail diet in replacement of soybean meal. Poult. Sci. 97, 2113-2122.
Khoa, D.V.A., Tuoi, N.T.H., Thuy, N.T.D., Okamoto, S., Kawabe, K., Khang, N.T.K., Giang, N.T., Shimogigri, T., 2019. Growth performance and morphology of in 28-84 day-old Vietnamese local Noi chicken. Biotechnol. Anim. Husb. 35, 301-310.
Khonyoung, D., Wongnhor, M., Tongrueng, S., Yoosuk, S., Wonnakum, P., Panngom, K., Malaithong, W., 2025. Fermented feed to improve the performance and immunity of indigenous chickens under free-range rearing. Int. J. Vet. Sci. 14, 380-385.
Kumar, H., Bhardwaj, I., Nepovimova, E., Dhanjal, D.S., Shaikh, S.S., Knop, R., Atuahene, D., Shaikh, A.M., Béla, K., 2025. Revolutionising broiler nutrition: The role of probiotics, fermented products, and paraprobiotics in functional feeds. J. Agric. Food Res. 21, 101859.
Li, Y., Guo, B., Wu, Z., Wang, W., Li, C., Liu, G., Cai, H., 2020. Effects of fermented soybean meal supplementation on the growth performance and cecal microbiota community of broiler chickens. Animals. 10, 1098.
Linh, N.T., Dong, N.T.K., Thu, N.V., 2022. A survey of Muscovy duck production in rural areas of Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 47, 138-145.
Linh, N.T., Guntoro, B., Qui, N.H., Anh Thu, N., 2020. Effect of sprouted rough rice on growth performance of local crossbred chickens. Livestock Res. Rural. Dev. 32, 156.
Lu, J., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Cao, H., Han, Q., Xie, B., Fan, L., Li, X., Hu, J., Yang, G., 2019. Effect of fermented corn-soybean meal on serum immunity, the expression of genes related to gut immunity, gut microbiota, and bacterial metabolites in grower-finisher pigs. Front. Microbiol. 10, 2620.
Muniyappan, M., Shanmugam, S., Park, J.H., Han, K., Kim, I.H., 2023. Effects of fermented soybean meal supplementation on the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility by modulating the gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Sci. Rep. 13, 3691.
NRC, 1994. Nutrient requirements poultry, 9th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Obianwuna, U.E., Huang, L., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Qi, G., Qiu, K., Wu, S., 2024. Fermented soybean meal improved laying performance and egg quality of laying hens by modulating cecal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, antioxidant and immunological functions. Anim. Nutr. 18, 309-321.
Predescu, N.C., Stefan, G., Rosu, M.P., Papuc, C., 2024. Fermented feed in broiler diets reduces the antinutritional factors, improves productive performances and modulates gut microbiome—a review. Agriculture. 14, 1752.
Qui, N.H., Linh, N.T., 2023. Effects of dietary β-glucan and rice fermented on growth performance, fatty acids, and Newcastle disease immune response in turkey broilers. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 30, 103736.
Qui, N.H., Linh, N.T., Thu, N.T.A., Nang, K., Nhan Hoai, P., Minh, B.N., Tu Tai, N., Luc, D.D., Triatmojo, A., 2024. Immunological response and nutritional effects of Lactobacillus spp.-fermented garlic on Turkey Broilers. Arch. Razi. Inst. 79, 345-354.
Sadh, P.K., Kumar, S., Chawla, P., Duhan, J.S., 2018. Fermentation: a boon for production of bioactive compounds by processing of food industries wastes (by-products). Molecules. 23, 2560.
Saleh, A.A., Shukry, M., Farrag, F., Soliman, M.M., Abdel-Moneim, A.M.E., 2021. Effect of feeding wet feed or wet feed fermented by bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, histopathology and growth and lipid metabolism marker genes in broiler chickens. Animals. 11, 83.
Soren, S., Mandal, G.P., Mondal, S., Pradhan, S., Mukherjee, J., Banerjee, D., Pakhira, M.C., Amla, Mondal, A., Nsereko, V., Samanta, I., 2024. Efficacy of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, gut microflora and immunity of broiler chickens. Animals. 14, 866.
Sugiharto, S., Pratama, A.R., Yudiarti, T., 2021. Growth performance of broiler chickens fed on sprouted-papaya seed based diets. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Res. 9, 62-64.
Sugiharto, S., Ranjitkar, S., 2019. Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance, gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses: a review. Anim. Nutr. 5, 1-10.
Sugiharto, S., Yudiarti, T., Isroli, I., 2016. Haematological and biochemical parameters of broilers fed cassava pulp fermented with filamentous fungi isolated from the Indonesian fermented dried cassava. Livestock Res. Rural. Dev. 28, 53.
Sugiharto, S., Yudiarti, T., Isroli, I., Widiastuti, E., 2018. The potential of tropical agro-industrial by-products as a functional feed for poultry. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 8, 375-385.
Suprayogi, W.P.S., Ratriyanto, A., Akhirini, N., Hadi, R.F., Setyono, W., Irawan, A., 2022. Changes in nutritional and antinutritional aspects of soybean meals by mechanical and solid-state fermentation treatments with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 17, 100925.
Zhang, A.R., Wei, M., Yan, L., Zhou, G.L., Li, Y., Wang, H.M., Yang, Y.Y., Yin, W., Guo, J.Q., Cai, X.H., Li, J.X., Zhou, H., Liang, Y.X., 2022. Effects of feeding solid-state fermented wheat bran on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 101, 101402.
