Encapsulated defensins as antimicrobial alternatives for poultry: A review https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2027.001
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Abstract
Foodborne zoonotic infections are primarily caused by Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens. Encapsulated defensins offer a promising strategy for controlling both pathogens through their antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. This review evaluates the strategies for delivering encapsulated defensins and their effectiveness in controlling both pathogens. Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from the last 15 years. Studies that evaluate the functional performance of defensin encapsulation systems were considered eligible, while those that do not provide relevant functional outcomes or sufficient methodological information were excluded. A total of 35 articles meets the eligibility criteria and constitute the primary evidence base for this review. Encapsulation improves defensin stability under acidic, enzymatic, and thermal conditions when enabling targeted release in the lower intestine, thereby enhancing antimicrobial efficacy, strengthening intestinal barrier function, and promoting beneficial gut microbiota. Polysaccharide-based carriers, including alginate, chitosan, and pectin, further support microbial homeostasis, immune responses, and reproductive performance through the production of short‑chain fatty acids. Overall, encapsulated defensins represent a promising and practical strategy for pathogen control and immune enhancement in poultry production.
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