Evaluation of clinical severity and histopathological changes on 2,4- dinitrochlorobenzene-induced mouse model of atopic dermatitis treated with Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves extract https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2027.010
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease and one of the most common dermatologic conditions, with a global prevalence of 15-20% in children and 1-10% in adults. It imposes significant psychosocial burdens on affected individuals. This study aimed to investigate the anti-atopic potential of the ethanol extract of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves in a DNCB-induced mouse model of AD by evaluating the clinical skin scores, ear pinnae thickness, spleen and lymph node weights, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration. Twenty-five mice were randomly assigned to five groups: negative control (AD induction with 1% followed by 0.5% DNCB on the ear pinna), normal control (without induction), treatment group 1 (AD + 100 mg/kg BW extract), treatment group 2 (AD + 200 mg/kg BW extract), and treatment group 3 (AD + 400 mg/kg BW extract). Extracts were administered orally for 15 consecutive days. Clinical severity was evaluated using SCORAD and spleen, lymph node weights and body weights, while histopathological parameters used epidermal and dermal thicknesses and mast cell counts. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were observed in all treatment groups compared with the negative control, as indicated by reduced SCORAD scores, lower spleen and lymph node weights, thinner epidermis and dermis, and lower mast cell counts. No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected among treatment groups. These findings demonstrate that ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves exhibits anti-atopic activity at oral doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg/Kg BW in a DNCB-induced mouse model of AD
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publishing an article with open access in Veterinary Integrative Sciences leaves the copyright with the author. The article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.
References
Ardini, C., Wahdaningsih, S., Rizkifani, S., 2025. Acute toxicity test of ethanolic extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). J. Pharm. Tanjungpura. 3, 42-61.
Chiang Chan, E.W., Wong, S.K., Tangah, J., Chan, H.T., 2018. Chemistry and pharmacology of artocarpin: an isoprenyl flavone from artocarpus species. Syst. Rev. Pharm. 9, 58-63.
Chiorcea-Paquim, A.M., 2023. Electrochemistry of flavonoids: a comprehensive review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 15667.
da Rocha, E.B., Gonçalves, R.G., de Oliveira, B.C.C., da Silveira, A.B., de Jesus, A.B.F., Eberhardt, L.C., Peixoto, D.M., Paixão, B.G., Rodrigues, M.d.L., Desidério, A.F.d.A., Palmeira da Silva Rosa, D., Lima, H.R.P., Borba, H.R., de Lima, V.M., 2026. Cytogenotoxic effects of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. leaf extracts: implications for the safe use of medicinal plants. South Afr. J. Bot. 196, 904-913.
de Sousa, D.F., Fernandes, M.J.B., de Oliveira, R.A., Filho, P.C.C., Carvalho, L.D., da Conceição, A.O., 2020. In vitro cytotoxic and anti-herpesvirus properties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Moraceae) leaf extracts. J. Med. Plants Res. 14, 225-231.
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators, 2020. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 396, 1204–1222.
Hong, S., Lee, B., Kim, J.H., Kim, E.Y., Kim, M., Kwon, B., Cho, H.R., Sohn, Y., Jung, H.S., 2020. Solanum nigrum Linne improves DNCB‑induced atopic dermatitis‑like skin disease in BALB/c mice. Mol. Med. Rep. 22, 2878–2886.
Hu, G., Zhou, X., 2021. Gallic acid ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation through immune regulation in a mouse model. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 14, 1675-1683.
Hwang, D.H., Koh, P.-O., Kang, C., Kim, E., 2021. Rosa davurica Pall. improves DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice and regulated TNF-Alpa/IFN-gamma-induced skin inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells. Phytomedicine. 91, 153708.
Jeon, W.J., Lee, J.H., Lee, J.E., Son, S.E., Okajima, F., Chung, K.W., Im, D.S., 2021. Salvianolic Acid A Suppresses DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms in BALB/c Mice. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2021, 1-9.
Kobayashi, T., Glatz, M., Horiuchi, K., Kawasaki, H., Akiyama, H., Kaplan, Daniel H., Kong, Heidi H., Amagai, M., Nagao, K., 2015. Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus colonization drives inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Immunity. 42, 756-766.
Langan, S.M., Irvine, A.D., Weidinger, S., 2020. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 396, 345-360.
Liu, Y.P., Yu, X.M., Zhang, W., Wang, T., Jiang, B., Tang, H.X., Su, Q.T., Fu, Y.H., 2020. Prenylated chromones and flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus with their potential antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorganic Chem. 101, 104030.
Manjare, S.B., Paranjape, P.P., Gurav, V.L., Shinde, P.P., Chavan, R.R., Thopate, S.R., 2020. Silver nanoparticles synthesis using AH leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity. Bioinspired Biomim. Nanobiomaterials. 9, 190-193.
Min, G.Y., Kim, T.I., Kim, J.H., Cho, W.K., Yang, J.H., Ma, J.Y., 2023. Anti-Atopic effect of isatidis folium water extract in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced HaCaT Cells and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model. Molecules. 28, 3960.
Moke, L.E., Ngbolua, K.-N., Bongo, G.N., Messi, L.M., Noté, O.P., Mbing, J.N., Mpiana, P.T., 2017. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae): phytochemistry, pharmacology and future directions, a mini-review. J. Adv. Bot. Zool. 5, 1-8.
Murlistyarini, S., Yuniasih, D.I., 2023. The Role of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in the field of dermatology: a literature review. J. Dermatol. Venereol. Aesthetic. 4.
Nakatsuji, T., Chen, T.H., Butcher, A.M., Trzoss, L.L., Nam, S.J., Shirakawa, K.T., Zhou, W., Oh, J., Otto, M., Fenical, W., Gallo, R.L., 2018. A commensal strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis protects against skin neoplasia. Sci. Adv. 4, eaao4502.
Noikotr, K., Chaveerach, A., Sudmoon, R., Tanee, T., Patarapadungkit, N., 2018. Phytochemicals, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of three Artocarpus species reveal arbutin in A. lacucha. ScienceAsia. 44, 170-178.
Nutten, S., 2015. Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 66, 8-16.
Oranje, A.P., Glazenburg, E.J., Wolkerstorfer, A., De Waard-van Der Spek, F.B., 2007. Practical issues on interpretation of scoring atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index, objective SCORAD and the three-item severity score. Br. J. Dermatol. 157, 645-648.
Prakash, O., Kumar, R., Mishra, A., 2009. Artocarpus heterophyllus(Jackfruit): an Overview. Pharmacogn. Rev. 3, 353-358.
Ranasinghe, R.A.S.N., Maduwanthi, S.D.T., Marapana, R.A.U.J., 2019. Nutritional and Health Benefits of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): A Review. Int. J. Food Sci. 2019, 1-12.
Riedl, R., Kühn, A., Hupfer, Y., Hebecker, B., Peltner, L.K., Jordan, P.M., Werz, O., Lorkowski, S., Wiegand, C., Wallert, M., 2024. Characterization of different inflammatory skin conditions in a mouse model of DNCB-Induced atopic dermatitis. Inflammation. 47, 771-788.
Riedl, R., Kühn, A., Rietz, D., Hebecker, B., Glowalla, K.G., Peltner, L.K., Jordan, P.M., Werz, O., Lorkowski, S., Wiegand, C., Wallert, M., 2023. Establishment and characterization of mild atopic dermatitis in the DNCB-Induced mouse model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 12325.
Rupiani, A., Rizkifani, S., Wahdaningsih, S., 2025. Study on the effect of 70% Ethanolic extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam) on wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus). J. Pharm. Tanjungpura. 3, 1-13.
Thomas, B., 2008. Atopic Dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1483-1494.
Wang, X., Li, S., Liu, J., Kong, D., Han, X., Lei, P., Xu, M., Guan, H., Hou, D., 2020. Ameliorative effects of sea buckthorn oil on DNCB induced atopic dermatitis model mice via regulation the balance of Th1/Th2. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 20, 263.
Wei, B.L., Weng, J.R., Chiu, P.H., Hung, C.F., Wang, J.P., Lin, C.N., 2005. Antiinflammatory flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus communis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 3867-3871.
Yang, H.R., Lee, H., Kim, J.-H., Hong, I.-H., Hwang, D.H., Rho, I.R., Kim, G.S., Kim, E., Kang, C., 2019. Therapeutic effect of rumex japonicus Houtt. on DNCB-Induced Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Balb/c mice and human keratinocyte HaCaT Cells. Nutrients. 11, 573.
Ye, S., Zhu, L., Ruan, T., Jia, J., Mo, X., Yan, F., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., 2025. Comparative study of mouse models of atopic dermatitis. Heliyon. 11, e41989.
Yuniarti, L., Fakih, T.M., Tejasari, M., Indriyanti, R.A., Maryam, E., Nugroho, B.H., 2025. Comprehensive bioactive compound profiling of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves: LC-MS/MS analysis, antioxidant potential, and molecular insights. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 19, 1195-1213.