The Study of Salivary Microbiome from Thai Elderly Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Healthy Control
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, Mild cognitive impairment, Elderly people, Microbiome, Next-generation sequencingAbstract
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the elderly population. The variation of microbiome in mouth may have an impact on the brain. However, the relationship between the oral microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, remain unclear. Objectives: This study interested to compare the differences in microbiome from saliva of elderly people diagnosed with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. Methods: Saliva samples and clinical data from 10 AD patients, 46 MCI patients, and 44 healthy elderly subjects, were collected and analyzed using long-read next generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, bioinformatic analysis including, QIIME version qiime2, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and LDA effect size were performed in this study. Results: AD patients had Clinical Dementia Rating, Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-mental Status Examination were lower than the MCI group. In addition, the AD patient group had a higher microbial diversity than the MCI and control groups. Moreover, AD patients had number of microorganisms including, Fusobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium, that increased significantly (p < .05) compared to samples from the control group (4.53±3.2 and 2.60±1.8 for AD and control, respectively). Interestingly, it was found that samples from AD patients had significantly lower number of Prevotella histicola than samples from the control group (p < .05) (1.10±1.4 and 5.36±5.4 for AD and control, respectively). Conclusions: The long-read NGS analysis to study oral microbial biomarkers in the elderly may be useful in indicating risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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