ผลกระทบด้านจิตใจและปัจจัยที่ส่งผลของพยาบาลที่ปฏิบัติงาน ในโรงพยาบาลรักษาผู้ป่วยโควิด-19 ในประเทศภูฏาน
คำสำคัญ:
พยาบาล, โควิด-19, ความรู้, ความกลัว, ความเลื่อมใสและปฏิบัติด้านศาสนา, การรับรู้ภาระงาน, การสนันสนุนจากหน่วยงาน, ผลกระทบด้านจิตใจบทคัดย่อ
งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลกระทบด้านจิตใจและปัจจัยที่ส่งผลในพยาบาลที่ปฏิบัติงานโรงพยาบาลรักษาผู้ป่วยโควิด-19 ประเทศภูฏาน เป็นการศึกษาแบบความสัมพันธ์เชิงทำนาย กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือพยาบาลที่ให้การดูผู้ป่วยโควิด-19 จำนวน 133 คน ด้วยวิธีการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบง่าย เก็บข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถามเกี่ยวกับ ข้อมูลทั่วไป ความรู้เกี่ยวกับโควิด-19 ความกลัวเกี่ยวกับโควิด-19 ความเลื่อมใสและปฏิบัติด้านศาสนา การรับรู้ภาระงาน การรับรู้การสนับสนุนจากหน่วยงาน และผลกระทบด้านจิตใจ วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้สถิติพรรณนาและการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยพหุ
ผลการวิจัยพบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างมีค่าเฉลี่ยผลกระทบด้านจิตใจเท่ากับ 20.49 (SD = 6.07) ซึ่งจัดอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง จากตัวแปรที่ศึกษาทั้งหมด พบว่ามีเพียงความรู้เกี่ยวกับโควิด-19 ที่สัมพันธ์กับผลกระทบด้านจิตใจอย่าง
ไม่มีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ความกลัวเกี่ยวกับโควิด-19 ความเลื่อมใสและปฏิบัติด้านศาสนา การรับรู้ภาระงาน และการรับรู้การสนันสนุนจากหน่วยงาน สามารถร่วมกันทำนายความแปรปรวนของผลกระทบด้านจิตใจได้ ร้อยละ 15.3 การรับรู้
ภาระงาน เท่านั้นที่มีอิทธิพลต่อผลกระทบด้านจิตใจอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (β = .28, p < .05) ผลการวิจัยนี้ทำให้ทราบถึงผลกระทบด้านจิตใจที่เกิดกับพยาบาล สามารถใช้เป็นข้อมูลพื้นฐาน ในการพัฒนารูปแบบการพยาบาลเพื่อบรรเทาผลกระทบนี้และสนับสนุนการปฏิบัติงานของพยาบาลในสภาวะการระบาดของโควิด-19
References
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M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of
COVID-19 scale: Development and initial
validation. International Journal of Mental
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s11469-020-00270-8
Braquehais, M. D., Vargas-Cáceres, S., Gómez-Durán,
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pandemic on the mental health of
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Cortés-Álvarez, N. Y., Piñeiro-Lamas, R., &
Vuelvas-Olmos, C. R. (2020). Psychological
effects and associated factors of COVID-19
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Public Health Preparedness, 14(3), 413-424.
Fradelos, E. C., Alikari, V., Vus, V., Papathanasiou,
I. V., Tsaras, K., Tzavella, F., & Lekka, D.
(2020). Assessment of the relation between
religiosity, anxiety, depression and
psychological resilience in nursing staff.
Health Psychology Research, 8(1), 30-34.
Fradelos, E. C., Papathanasiou, I. V., Kourakos, M.,
Zyga, S., Tzavella, F., & Tsaras, K. (2017).
Religiosity in nursing: The translation,
validation and cultural adoption of the
centrality of religiosity scale-10 in Greek
language. Likars’ka sprava, 468(7), 180-187.
Galehdar, N., Kamran, A., Toulabi, T., & Heydari, H.
(2020). Exploring nurses’ experiences of
psychological distress during care of
patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study.
BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/
s12888-020-02898-1
Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J., & Fiksenbaum, L.
(2001). Workload and burnout in nurses.
Journal of Community & Applied Social
Psychology, 11(3), 211-215.
Hong, S., Ai, M., Xu, X., Wang, W., Chen, J., Zhang,
Q., . . . Kuang, L. (2021). Immediate
psychological impact on nurses working
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during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A
cross-sectional study. Nursing Outlook,
69(1), 6-12.
Huber, S., & Huber, O. (2012). The centrality of
religiosity scale (CRS). Religions, 3, 710-724.
Labrague, L. J., & de Los Santos, J. A. A. (2020).
Fear of Covid-19, psychological distress,
work satisfaction and turnover intention
among frontline nurses. Journal of Nursing
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Labrague, L. J., McEnroe Petitte, D. M., Leocadio,
M. C., Van Bogaert, P., & Tsaras, K. (2018).
Perceptions of organizational support and
its impact on nurses’ job outcomes. In
Nursing Forum, 53(3), 339-347.
Lazarus, R. S., & Flokman, S. (1984). Stress
appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lee, M. C., Thampi, S., Chan, H. P., Khoo, D., Chin,
B. Z., Foo, D. P., . . . Jacob, R. (2020).
Psychological distress during the COVID-19
pandemic amongst anaesthesiologists
and nurses. British Journal of Anaesthesia,
125(4), e384-e386.
Lucchini, A., Iozzo, P., & Bambi, S. (2020). Nursing
workload in the COVID-19 era. Intensive &
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Pereira, C. D. S., Protti-Zanatta, S. T., Costa,
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the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review.
Escola Anna Nery, 24(2), 115-122.
Norbu, P. (2010). Nurse staffing workload,
supervisory social support and job
satisfaction of nursing staffs in Bhutan.
Master’s thesis, Nursing, Faculty of Nursing,
Burapha University.
Park, J.S., Lee, E.H., Park, N.R., & Choi, Y. H. (2018).
Mental health of nurses working at a
government-designated hospital during a
MERS-CoV outbreak: A cross-sectional
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2-6.
Pereira, A., Oliveira, C. A., Bártolo, A., Monteiro, S.,
Vagos, P., & Jardim, J. (2019). Reliability
and factor structure of the 10-item Kessler
psychological distress scale (K10) among
Portuguese adults. Ciencia & Saude
Coletiva, 24(3), 729-736.
Prazeres, F., Passos, L., Simões, J. A., Simões, P.,
Martins, C., & Teixeira, A. (2021). COVID-19-
Related fear and anxiety: Spiritual-religious
coping in healthcare workers in Portugal.
International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 18(1), 220-231.
Said, R. M., & El-Shafei, D. A. (2021). Occupational
stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave:
Nurses working on front lines during
COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt.
Environmental Science and Pollution
Research, 28(7), 8791-8801. doi:10.1007/
s11356-020-11235-8
Shang, Y., Pan, C., Yang, X., Zhong, M., Shang, X.,
Wu, Z., & Zheng, X. (2020). Management of
critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU:
Statement from front-line intensive care
experts in Wuhan, China. Annals of
intensive care, 10(1), 1-24.
Shen, X., Zou, X., Zhong, X., Yan, J., & Li, L. (2020).
Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the
time of COVID-19. Critical Care, 24(1), 1-3.
Shi, Y., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G.,
Hashimoto, K., & Liu, H. (2020). Knowledge
and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese
psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19.
Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health, 4,
100064. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100064.
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development
of four self-report measures of job stressors
and strain: Interpersonal conflict at work
scale, organizational constraints scale,
quantitative workload inventory, and
physical symptoms inventory. Journal of
Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4),
356-367.
Wu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Baggs,
J. G., & You, L. (2020). The impact of work
environment on workplace violence,
burnout and work attitudes for hospital
nurses: A structural equation modeling
analysis. Journal of Nursing Management,
28(3), 495-503.
Yildirim, M., & Solmaz, F. (2020). COVID-19 burnout,
COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial
psychometric properties of COVID-19
burnout scale. Death Studies, 1-9. doi.org
/10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885
Zerbini, G., Ebigbo, A., Reicherts, P., Kunz, M., &
Messman, H. (2020). Psychosocial burden
of healthcare professionals in times of
COVID-19-A survey conducted at the
University Hospital Augsburg. GMS German
Medical Science, 18, 1-9. doi: 10.3205/000281
Zhong, B.L., Luo, W., Li, H.M., Zhang, Q.Q., Liu, X.G.,
Li, W.T., & Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes,
and practices towards COVID-19 among
Chinese residents during the rapid rise
period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick
online cross-sectional survey. International
journal of biological sciences, 16(10),
1745-1752.
M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of
COVID-19 scale: Development and initial
validation. International Journal of Mental
Health and Addiction, 1-9. doi: 10.1007/
s11469-020-00270-8
Braquehais, M. D., Vargas-Cáceres, S., Gómez-Durán,
E., Nieva, G., Valero, S., Casas, M., & Bruguera,
E. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on the mental health of
healthcare professionals. An International
Journal of medicine, 113(9), 613-617.
Cortés-Álvarez, N. Y., Piñeiro-Lamas, R., &
Vuelvas-Olmos, C. R. (2020). Psychological
effects and associated factors of COVID-19
in a Mexican sample. Disaster Medicine and
Public Health Preparedness, 14(3), 413-424.
Fradelos, E. C., Alikari, V., Vus, V., Papathanasiou,
I. V., Tsaras, K., Tzavella, F., & Lekka, D.
(2020). Assessment of the relation between
religiosity, anxiety, depression and
psychological resilience in nursing staff.
Health Psychology Research, 8(1), 30-34.
Fradelos, E. C., Papathanasiou, I. V., Kourakos, M.,
Zyga, S., Tzavella, F., & Tsaras, K. (2017).
Religiosity in nursing: The translation,
validation and cultural adoption of the
centrality of religiosity scale-10 in Greek
language. Likars’ka sprava, 468(7), 180-187.
Galehdar, N., Kamran, A., Toulabi, T., & Heydari, H.
(2020). Exploring nurses’ experiences of
psychological distress during care of
patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study.
BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/
s12888-020-02898-1
Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J., & Fiksenbaum, L.
(2001). Workload and burnout in nurses.
Journal of Community & Applied Social
Psychology, 11(3), 211-215.
Hong, S., Ai, M., Xu, X., Wang, W., Chen, J., Zhang,
Q., . . . Kuang, L. (2021). Immediate
psychological impact on nurses working
at 42 government-designated hospitals
during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A
cross-sectional study. Nursing Outlook,
69(1), 6-12.
Huber, S., & Huber, O. (2012). The centrality of
religiosity scale (CRS). Religions, 3, 710-724.
Labrague, L. J., & de Los Santos, J. A. A. (2020).
Fear of Covid-19, psychological distress,
work satisfaction and turnover intention
among frontline nurses. Journal of Nursing
Management, 29(3), 395-403.
Labrague, L. J., McEnroe Petitte, D. M., Leocadio,
M. C., Van Bogaert, P., & Tsaras, K. (2018).
Perceptions of organizational support and
its impact on nurses’ job outcomes. In
Nursing Forum, 53(3), 339-347.
Lazarus, R. S., & Flokman, S. (1984). Stress
appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lee, M. C., Thampi, S., Chan, H. P., Khoo, D., Chin,
B. Z., Foo, D. P., . . . Jacob, R. (2020).
Psychological distress during the COVID-19
pandemic amongst anaesthesiologists
and nurses. British Journal of Anaesthesia,
125(4), e384-e386.
Lucchini, A., Iozzo, P., & Bambi, S. (2020). Nursing
workload in the COVID-19 era. Intensive &
Critical Care Nursing, 61, 102929. doi:
10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102929
Ministry of Health, R. G. O. B. (2021). National
situational update on COVID-19. Retrieved
from http://43.230.208.13/
Miranda, F. B. G., Yamamura, M., Pereira, S. S.,
Pereira, C. D. S., Protti-Zanatta, S. T., Costa,
M. K., & Zerbetto, S. R.(2021). Psychological
distress among nursing professionals during
the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review.
Escola Anna Nery, 24(2), 115-122.
Norbu, P. (2010). Nurse staffing workload,
supervisory social support and job
satisfaction of nursing staffs in Bhutan.
Master’s thesis, Nursing, Faculty of Nursing,
Burapha University.
Park, J.S., Lee, E.H., Park, N.R., & Choi, Y. H. (2018).
Mental health of nurses working at a
government-designated hospital during a
MERS-CoV outbreak: A cross-sectional
study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(1),
2-6.
Pereira, A., Oliveira, C. A., Bártolo, A., Monteiro, S.,
Vagos, P., & Jardim, J. (2019). Reliability
and factor structure of the 10-item Kessler
psychological distress scale (K10) among
Portuguese adults. Ciencia & Saude
Coletiva, 24(3), 729-736.
Prazeres, F., Passos, L., Simões, J. A., Simões, P.,
Martins, C., & Teixeira, A. (2021). COVID-19-
Related fear and anxiety: Spiritual-religious
coping in healthcare workers in Portugal.
International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 18(1), 220-231.
Said, R. M., & El-Shafei, D. A. (2021). Occupational
stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave:
Nurses working on front lines during
COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt.
Environmental Science and Pollution
Research, 28(7), 8791-8801. doi:10.1007/
s11356-020-11235-8
Shang, Y., Pan, C., Yang, X., Zhong, M., Shang, X.,
Wu, Z., & Zheng, X. (2020). Management of
critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU:
Statement from front-line intensive care
experts in Wuhan, China. Annals of
intensive care, 10(1), 1-24.
Shen, X., Zou, X., Zhong, X., Yan, J., & Li, L. (2020).
Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the
time of COVID-19. Critical Care, 24(1), 1-3.
Shi, Y., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G.,
Hashimoto, K., & Liu, H. (2020). Knowledge
and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese
psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19.
Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health, 4,
100064. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100064.
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development
of four self-report measures of job stressors
and strain: Interpersonal conflict at work
scale, organizational constraints scale,
quantitative workload inventory, and
physical symptoms inventory. Journal of
Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4),
356-367.
Wu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Baggs,
J. G., & You, L. (2020). The impact of work
environment on workplace violence,
burnout and work attitudes for hospital
nurses: A structural equation modeling
analysis. Journal of Nursing Management,
28(3), 495-503.
Yildirim, M., & Solmaz, F. (2020). COVID-19 burnout,
COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial
psychometric properties of COVID-19
burnout scale. Death Studies, 1-9. doi.org
/10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885
Zerbini, G., Ebigbo, A., Reicherts, P., Kunz, M., &
Messman, H. (2020). Psychosocial burden
of healthcare professionals in times of
COVID-19-A survey conducted at the
University Hospital Augsburg. GMS German
Medical Science, 18, 1-9. doi: 10.3205/000281
Zhong, B.L., Luo, W., Li, H.M., Zhang, Q.Q., Liu, X.G.,
Li, W.T., & Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes,
and practices towards COVID-19 among
Chinese residents during the rapid rise
period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick
online cross-sectional survey. International
journal of biological sciences, 16(10),
1745-1752.
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