Attitudes of Caregivers of Older Thai Adults with Major Depression: A Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60099/prijnr.2023.261344Keywords:
Attitudes, Caregiving, Depression, Family caregivers, Major depressive disorder, Older adults, Qualitative descriptionAbstract
Family caregivers are essential people. They are the primary source of support and care for the person they are caring for, and such care is reflected in and affected by their attitudes. This qualitative descriptive study explored 17 primary family caregiv- ers’ attitudes toward caring for older adults with a major depressive disorder living at home in Thailand. Purposive sampling was undertaken, and data were collected in semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. As a result, two themes emerged. The first theme, “Rethinking in positive ways about caregiving,” included accepting being a caregiver and feeling happy and proud to provide care for a loved one. The second theme, “Began with negative attitudes towards caregiving,” included uncertainty about life, feelings of suffering, and frustration with caregiving duties. The caregivers met with challenges, and their attitudes directly affected the care they provided to older adults with major depressive disorders. Therefore, nurses and other healthcare professionals need to understand caregiving better, positively and acceptably, to improve caregivers’ ability to manage depressive symptoms. Caregiving will be enhanced by educating and training families and health professionals on effective care techniques and mentoring families in the early stages of caring for older adults with depressive disorders and throughout the care.
References
Ansary M. Recognizing depression in elderly patients in general practice. World Fam Med J. 2020;18(10):112-4. doi: 10.5742/MEWFM.2020.93882.
Schulz R, Beach SR, Czaja SJ, Martire LM, Monin JK. Family caregiving for older adults. Annu Rev Psychol. 2020;71: 635–59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050754.
Sampaio F, Gonçalves P, Sequeira C. Mental health literacy: it is now time to put knowledge into practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun;19(12):7030. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127030.
Pruksarungruang J, Rhein D. Depression literacy: an analysis of the stigmatization of depression in Thailand. SAGE Open. 2022; 12(4): 21582440221. doi: 10.1177/ 21582440 221140376.
Egwuonwu CC, Kanma-Okafor OJ, Ogunyemi AO, Yusuf HO, Adeyemi JD. Depression-related knowledge, attitude, and help-seeking behavior among residents of Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. J Clin Sci. 2019;16(2):49-56. doi: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_90_18.
Mingkwanjai C, Prasertsong C, Kasipul T. The effects of community nurse practitioner’s health educational program on the knowledge, attitude and practice of family caregivers of patients with depression. J Royal Thai Army Nurses [Internet]. 2015 Dec [cited 2023 Mar 22];16(3):60–7. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JRTAN/article/view/47665
Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Depression is not a normal part of growing older [Internet]. 2022 Sept 14. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/aging/depression/index.html
World Health Organization. Depressive disorder (depression) [Internet]. 2023 Mar 31 [cited 2023 April 26]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Charoensakulchai S, Usawachoke S, Kongbangpor W, Thanavirun P, Mitsiriswat A, Pinijnai O. Prevalence and associated factors influencing depression in older adults living in rural Thailand: a cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(12):1248-53. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13804.
Conejero I, Olié E, Courtet P, Calati R. Suicide in older adults: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2018; 13:691–9. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S130670.
World Health Organization. Depression [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/depression#tab=tab_1
Department of Mental Health. Department of Mental Health policy: action plan in 2018–2022 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 30]. Available from: https://dmh.go.th/intranet/p2554/download/view.asp?id=237
Singh S, Zaki RA, Farid NDN. A systematic review of depression literacy: knowledge, help-seeking and stigmatizing attitudes among adolescents. J Adolesc. 2019;74:154–72. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.004.
Ho GWK, Bressington D, Leung SF, Lam KKC, Leung AYM, Molassiotis A, et al. Depression literacy and health-seeking attitudes in the Western Pacific region: a mixed-methods study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53(10): 1039-49. doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1538-6.
Tehrani H, Vali M, Nejatian M, Moshki M, Charoghchian Khorasani E, Jafari A. The status of depression literacy and its relationship with quality of life among Iranian public population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):607. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04251-0.
Triolo F, Harber-Aschan L, Belvederi Murri M, CalderónLarrañaga A, Vetrano DL, Sjöberg L, et al. The complex interplay between depression and multimorbidity in late life: risks and pathways. Mech Ageing Dev. 2020;192. doi: 10. 1016/j.mad.2020.111383.
Schulz R, Eden J. Family caregiving roles and impacts. In: Schulz R, Eden J, editors. Families caring for an aging America. National Academies Press eBooks; 2016. pp. 73-122.
Aung TNN, Aung MN, Moolphate S, Koyanagi Y, Supakankunti S, Yuasa M. Caregiver burden and associated factors for the respite care needs among the family caregivers of community-dwelling senior sitizens in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11): 5873. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115873.
Wongsaree C. Nursing care for the older adult with depression: family-centered care. RTA Med J. 2019;72(1):69-77. (in Thai)
Kraithaworn P, Noinam S. Depression and suicide literacy and mental health seeking behavior among family caregivers of older people in community. J Royal Thai Army Nurses [Internet]. 2021 Sep 5 [cited 2023 Jan 15];22(2): 260-9. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JRTAN/article/view/247059
Mulango ID, Atashili J, Gaynes BN, Njim T. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding depression among primary health care providers in Fako division, Cameroon. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12888- 018-1653-7.
Choi EY, Um S, Shin H, Kim YS. Attitudes toward aging, active coping, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Korean adults: how do they differ by age group? J Affect Disord. 2022;296:380-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021. 09.086.
Tonsing KN. A review of mental health literacy in Singapore. Soc Work Health Care. 2018;57(1):27-47. doi: 10.1080/ 00981389.2017.1383335.
Turale S. A brief introduction to qualitative description: a research design worth using. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res [Internet]. 2020 Jul 9 [cited 2023 Apr 29];24(3):289-91. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/243180
Lincoln, SY, Guba, EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1985. pp. 289-327.
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007; 19(6):349-57. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77-101. doi: 10.1191/ 1478088706qp063oa.
Holloway I, Galvin K. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. 4th ed. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 2017.
Doumit AC, Haddad C, Sacre H, Salameh P, Akel M, Obeid S, et al. Knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards patients with mental illness: results from a national Lebanese study. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):e0222172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222172.
Verplanken B, Orbell S. Attitudes, habits, and behavior change. Annu Rev Psychol. 2022;73:327-52. doi: 10.1146/ annurev-psych-020821-011744.
Feliciano A, Feliciano E, Palompon D, Gonzales F. Acceptance theory of family caregiving. Belitung Nurs J [Internet]. 2022 Apr 26 [cited 2023 Jan 29];8(2):86- 92. Available from: https://www.belitungraya.org/BRP/index.php/bnj/article/view/2004
Bekhet AK, Garnier-Villarreal M. Effects of positive thinking on dementia caregivers’ burden and care-recipients’ behavioral problems.West J Nurs Res. 2020;42(5):365-72. doi: 10.1177/0193945919861970.
Thomas, PA, Liu, H, Umberson, D. Family relationships and well-being. Innov Aging. 2017;1(3): igx025. https:// doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx025
Tamdee D, Tamdee P, Greiner C, Boonchiang W, Okamoto N, Isowa T. Conditions of caring for the elderly and family caregiver stress in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J Health Res. 2019;33(2):138-50.
Junpanit A, Lawang W, Toonsir C. Factors influencing the positive aspects of caregiving among stroke family caregivers. J Nurs Educ. 2018;11(2):61-73 (in Thai).
Lawang W, Sunsern R. Positive aspect of caregiving: crucial concepts enhancing family caregivers’ strength. J Nurs Educ. 2016;9(3):1-9 (in Thai).
Tangjitboonsanga N, Charnsil C. Attitude toward depression in Thai population. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand [Internet]. 2020 Mar 30 [cited 2023 Jan 31];65(1):75-88. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JPAT/article/view/240795
Gray RS, Hahn L, Thapsuwan S, Thongcharoenchupong N. Strength and stress: positive and negative impacts on caregivers for older adults in Thailand. Australas J Ageing. 2016;35(2): E7-12. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12266.
Zhong Y, Wang J, Nicholas S. Social support and depressive symptoms among family caregivers of older people with disabilities in four provinces of urban China: the mediating role of caregiver burden. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1403-9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.