The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program with LINE Application among Mothers with Cesarean Section: A Quasi-Experimental Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60099/prijnr.2023.262349Keywords:
Breastfeeding self-efficacy, Cesarean section, exclusive breastfeeding, LINE application, PostpartumAbstract
Exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to promote health outcomes for infants and mothers. Mothers with cesarean section may have reduced confidence in their ability to breastfeed exclusively, especially during the first month postpartum. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program with LINE Application on breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding four weeks after childbirth among mothers with a cesarean section. Fifty-two pregnant women prepared for cesarean section at a university hospital in central Thailand were divided into the experimental (n = 26) and control groups (n = 26). The experimental group received the program and usual care. The control group received only usual care. The instruments used for data collection consisted of the Demographic Characteristics Form, the Breast Feeding Self-efficacy Scale-short form, and the Infant Feeding Forms. Descriptive statistics, t-test and Fisher’s exact test were applied for data analysis.
Results demonstrated that after participating in the intervention program for four weeks, the experimental group had higher mean scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy and rates of exclusive breastfeeding than those in the control group. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program with LINE Application contributed to higher breastfeeding self-efficacy and rates of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers with cesarean section. Nurse midwives can use this program in practice. However, the program needs to be further tested and content may need to be modified before being widely used.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding benefits both the baby and the mom [Internet]. 2021 July 27 [cited 2022 Jan 4]. Available from: https://www.cdc. gov/nccdphp/dnpao/features/breastfeeding-benefits/ index.html
World Health Organization. Breastfeeding [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 2]. Available from: https://www.who. int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1
Topathai C, Tangcharoensathien V. Achieving global targets on breastfeeding in Thailand: gap analysis and solutions. Int Breastfeed J. 2021;16:38. doi:10.1186/s13006-021- 00386-0.
National Statistical Office, Unicef. The 2022 situation survey of children and women in Thailand [Internet]. 2020 Aug. [cited 2023 May 2]. Available from: http://www.nso.go.th/ sites/2014/DocLib13
Hobbs AJ, Mannion CA, McDonald SW, Brockway M, Tough SC. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:90. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1.
Agampodi TC, Dharmasoma NK, Koralagedara IS, Dissanayaka T, Warnasekara J, Agampodi SB, et al. Barriers for early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding up to six months in predominantly rural Sri Lanka: a need to strengthen policy implementation. Int Breastfeed J. 2021;16:32. doi:10. 1186/s13006-021-00378-0.
Li L, Wan W, Zhu C. Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: a literature review. Midwifery. 2021;103:103117. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103117.
Ulfa Y, Maruyama N, Igarashi Y, Horiuchi S. Early initiation of breastfeeding up to six months among mothers after cesarean section or vaginal birth: a scoping review. Heliyon. 2023;9(6): e16235. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16235.
Sinsuksai N, Nuampa S, Chanprapaph P. Factors predicting 6-month-exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with cesarean section. Nurs Sci J Thail. 2017;35(1):14-22 (in Thai).
World Health Organization, UNICEF. Global breastfeeding scorecard, 2018: enabling women breastfeed through better policies and programmes [Internet]. 2018 July 8 [cited 2022 Jan 4]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ publications/m/item/global-breastfeeding-scorecard- 2018-enabling-women-to-breastfeed-through-better-policies-and-programmes
Ricci AC. Essentials of maternity newborn. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
Lowdermilk DL, Perry SE, Cashion K, Alden KR, Olshansky E. Maternity women’s health care. 12th ed. Missouri: Elsevier; 2020.
Griffin LB, LÓpez JD, Ranney ML, Macones AG, Cahil AG, Lewkowitz AK. Effect of novel breastfeeding smartphone applications on breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding Med. 2021;16:614-23.
Topothai C, Topothai T, Suphanchaimat R, Waleewong O, Putthasri W, Patcharanarumol W, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding experience of Thai mothers in Metropolitan Bangkok. Int J Womens Health. 2022;14:155-66. doi:10.2147/IJWH. S344389.
Elgzar WT, Al-Thubaity DD, Alshahrani MA, Essa RM, Ibrahim HA. The relationship between maternal ideation and exclusive breastfeeding practice among Saudi nursing mothers: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2023;15(7): 1719. doi:10.3390/nu15071719.
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psych Rev 1978;1: 139-61. doi:10. 1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4.
Bandura A. Social foundation of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1986.
Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Wan H. What factors influence exclusive breastfeeding based on the theory of planned behavior. Midwifery. 2018;62:177-82. doi: 10.1016.j. midw.2018.04.006.
Cohen SS, Alexander DD, Krebs NF, Young BE, Cabana MD, Erdmann P, et al. Factors associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr. 2018;203:190-6.e21. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.008.
Ngo LTH, Chou HF, Gau ML, Liu CY. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors in postpartum Vietnamese women. Midwifery. 2019;70:84-91. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.12.014.
Chipojola R, Chiu HY, Huda MH, Lin YM, Kuo SY. Effectiveness of theory-based educational interventions on breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;109:103675. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103675.
Brockway M, Benzies K, Hayden K. Interventions to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and resultant breastfeeding rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Lact. 2017;33(3): 486-99. doi:10.1177/089033441770795.
Prasopkittkun T, Sangperm P. Self-efficacy promoting interventions for breastfeeding outcomes: an integrative review of research conducted in Thailand. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2017;21(1):44-58.
Budsaengdee B, Kantaruksa K, Chareonsanti J. Effects of self-efficacy promotion on success in exclusive breastfeeding among cesarean section mothers. Nursing J. 2013;40(3): 1-10 (in Thai).
Wongphinit U, Sinsuksai N, Yusamran C. Personal factors, social support and effective suckling at discharge in predicting exclusive breastfeeding at one month among first-time mothers. JRTAN. 2016;17(1):88-95 (in Thai).
Dennis CL. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale: psychometric assessment of the short form. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2003;32(6):734–44. doi: 10.1177/0884217503258459.
Thussanasupap B. The effects of a systematic instructional program on breastfeeding self-efficacy, nipple pain, nipple skin changes and incision pain of cesarean mothers [master’s thesis]. [Bangkok]: Mahidol University; 2548.
Buran G, Ozyazicioglu N, Aydin AI, Atak M. Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross-sectional study. Women Health. 2022;62(9-10):788-98. doi: 10.1080/ 03630242.2022.2146832.
Thai Breastfeeding Center Foundation. Breastfeeding application [Internet]. 2017 Dec 3. [cited 2019 Dec 3]. Available from: https://thaibf.com/แอปพลิเคชันเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่/
Jarernwai T. Family line breastfeeding [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Jan]. Available from: https://oec.anamai.moph.go.th/ th/more-news-php-cid-108-filename-index/download/ ?did=
Prasitwattanaseree P, Sinsuksai N, Prasopkittikun T, Viwatwongkasem C. Effectiveness of breastfeeding skills training and support program among first-time mothers: a randomized Control trial. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2019;23(3):258-70.
Kruekanjana P. The association of emergency medicine outlines cartoon stickers “Healthy Rabbit” [Internet]. 2017 Aug 6 [cited 2020 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www. hfocus.org/content/2017/08/14345
Schindler-Ruwisch JM, Roess A, Robert RC, Napolitano MA, Chiang S. Social support for breastfeeding in the era of mHealth: a content analysis. J Hum Lact. 2018;34(3):543–55. doi:10.1177/0890334418773302.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright: The Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, Thailand Nursing & Midwifery Council has exclusive rights to publish, reproduce and distribute the manuscript and all contents therein.
.png)
