Cutaneous Pseudolymphomas
Keywords:
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas, Treatment, HistopathologyAbstract
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas refer to benign reactive skin disorders that mimic cutaneous lymphomas histologically and sometimes clinically. Clinicopathological correlation is crucial for a definitive diagnosis in cutaneous pseudolymphomas. Histopathologically, cutaneous pseudolymphomas can be classified into 2 subtypes, cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma and cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphoma. Most cases are idiopathic, but some cases have been attributed to various antigenic stimuli, including arthropod bites, vaccinations, gold pierced earrings, tattoo dyes, drugs, and infections. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas may resolve spontaneously over time. Treatment approach depends on the severity of the disease and treatment regimens are mainly derived from single case report and small case series.
References
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2. Nihal M, Mikkola D, Horvath N, et al. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: a lymphoproliferative continuum with lymphomatous potential. Human Pathol. 2003; 34: 617–22.
3. Mitteldorf C, Kempf W. Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma. Surg Pathol Clin. 2017;10:455- 476.
4. Diana M, Melanie P, Peter E. Treatment of Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma: A Systematic Review Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98:310–7.
5. Fernandez-Morano T, Aguilar-Bernier M, Del Boz J, Funez- Liebana R. Cutaneous CD8+ T-cell infiltrates associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:638-40.
6. Schartz NE, De La Blanchardiere A, Alaoui S, et al. Regression of CD8+ pseudolymphoma after HIV antiviral triple therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:139-41.
7. Moniuszko A, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M, Penza P, Zajkowska J. Borrelial lymphocytoma – a case report of a pregnant woman. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012;3:257–8.
8. van Vloten WA, Willemze R. The many faces of lymphocytoma cutis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17:3–6. 9. Bergman R. Pseudolymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 2010;28:568–74.
10. Hammer E, Sangueza O, Suwanjindar P, White CR Jr, Braziel RM. Immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:426–33.
11. Bouloc A, Delfau-Larue MH, Lenormand B, et al. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. French Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphomas. Arch Dermatol. 1999; 135: 168-72.
12. Rijlaarsdam JU, Willemze R. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas: classification and differential diagnosis. Semin Dermatol. 1994;13:187-96.
13. Kerl H, Fink-Puches R, Cerroni L. Diagnostic criteria of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. Keio J Med. 2001;50:269–73.
14. Smolle J, Torne R, Soyer HP, Kerl H. Immunohistochemical classification of cutaneous pseudolymphomas: Delineation of distinct patterns. J Cutan Pathol. 1990;17:149-59.
15. Rijlaarsdam JU, Scheffer E, Meijer CJ, Willemze R. Cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphomas. A clinicopathologic study of 20 patients. Cancer. 1992;69:717-24.
16. Werner B, Massone C, Kerl H, et al. Large CD30- positive cells in benign, atypical lymphoid infiltrates of the skin. J Cutan Pathol. 2008; 35: 1100–7.
17. Gonzalez LC, Murua MA, Perez RG, et al. CD30+ lymphoma simulating orf. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:690–2.
18. Fukamachi S, Sugita K, Sawada Y, Bito T, Nakamura M, Tokura Y. Drug induced CD30+ T cell pseudolymphoma. Eur J Dermatol. 2009; 19: 292–4.
19. Baumgartner-Nielsen J, Lorentzen H. Imiquimod 5%: a successful treatment for pseudolymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014; 94: 469.
20. El-Dars LD, Statham BN, Blackford S, Williams N. Lymphocytoma cutis treated with topical tacrolimus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005; 30: 305–7.
21. Pacheco D, Travassos AR, de Almeida LS, Silva R, Filipe P. Solitary T-cell pseudolymphoma of the breast, treated by PUVA. Eur J Dermatol. 2013; 23: 397–8.
22. Taylor RB, Fortney JA, Pollack RB, Metcalf JS, Jenrette JM. Radiation therapy for B-cell cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Jpn J Radiol. 2010; 28: 385-7.
23. Tan LS, Oon HH, Lee JS, Chua SH. Successful treatment of tattoo-induced pseudolymphoma with sequential ablative fractional resurfacing followed by Q Switched Nd:YAG 532 nm laser. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2013; 6: 226–8.
24. Mikasa K, Watanabe D, Kondo C, Tamada Y, Matsumoto Y. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acidbased photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a patient with cutaneous pseudolymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 53: 911–2.
25. Moniuszko A, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M, Penza P, Zajkowska J. Borrelial lymphocytoma – a case report of a pregnant woman. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012; 3: 257–8.
26. Moulonguet I, Ghnassia M, Molina T, Fraitag S. Miliarial type perifollicular B-cell pseudolymphoma (lymphocytoma cutis): a misleading eruption in two women. J Cutan Pathol. 2012; 39: 1016–21.
27. Benchikhi H, Bodemer C, Fraitag S, et al. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with thalidomide: report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999; 40: 1005-7.
28. Singletary HL, Selim MA, Olsen E. Subcutaneous interferon alfa for the treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Arch Dermatol. 2012; 148: 572-4.
29. Moulonguet I, Ghnassia M, Molina T, Fraitag S. Miliarial-type perifollicular B-cell pseudolymphoma (lymphocytoma cutis): a misleading eruption in two women. J Cutan Pathol. 2012; 39: 1016–21.
30. Martin SJ, Duvic M. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with the monoclonal antiCD20 antibody rituximab. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011; 11: 286–288.
2. Nihal M, Mikkola D, Horvath N, et al. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: a lymphoproliferative continuum with lymphomatous potential. Human Pathol. 2003; 34: 617–22.
3. Mitteldorf C, Kempf W. Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma. Surg Pathol Clin. 2017;10:455- 476.
4. Diana M, Melanie P, Peter E. Treatment of Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma: A Systematic Review Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98:310–7.
5. Fernandez-Morano T, Aguilar-Bernier M, Del Boz J, Funez- Liebana R. Cutaneous CD8+ T-cell infiltrates associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:638-40.
6. Schartz NE, De La Blanchardiere A, Alaoui S, et al. Regression of CD8+ pseudolymphoma after HIV antiviral triple therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:139-41.
7. Moniuszko A, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M, Penza P, Zajkowska J. Borrelial lymphocytoma – a case report of a pregnant woman. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012;3:257–8.
8. van Vloten WA, Willemze R. The many faces of lymphocytoma cutis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17:3–6. 9. Bergman R. Pseudolymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 2010;28:568–74.
10. Hammer E, Sangueza O, Suwanjindar P, White CR Jr, Braziel RM. Immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:426–33.
11. Bouloc A, Delfau-Larue MH, Lenormand B, et al. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. French Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphomas. Arch Dermatol. 1999; 135: 168-72.
12. Rijlaarsdam JU, Willemze R. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas: classification and differential diagnosis. Semin Dermatol. 1994;13:187-96.
13. Kerl H, Fink-Puches R, Cerroni L. Diagnostic criteria of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. Keio J Med. 2001;50:269–73.
14. Smolle J, Torne R, Soyer HP, Kerl H. Immunohistochemical classification of cutaneous pseudolymphomas: Delineation of distinct patterns. J Cutan Pathol. 1990;17:149-59.
15. Rijlaarsdam JU, Scheffer E, Meijer CJ, Willemze R. Cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphomas. A clinicopathologic study of 20 patients. Cancer. 1992;69:717-24.
16. Werner B, Massone C, Kerl H, et al. Large CD30- positive cells in benign, atypical lymphoid infiltrates of the skin. J Cutan Pathol. 2008; 35: 1100–7.
17. Gonzalez LC, Murua MA, Perez RG, et al. CD30+ lymphoma simulating orf. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49:690–2.
18. Fukamachi S, Sugita K, Sawada Y, Bito T, Nakamura M, Tokura Y. Drug induced CD30+ T cell pseudolymphoma. Eur J Dermatol. 2009; 19: 292–4.
19. Baumgartner-Nielsen J, Lorentzen H. Imiquimod 5%: a successful treatment for pseudolymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014; 94: 469.
20. El-Dars LD, Statham BN, Blackford S, Williams N. Lymphocytoma cutis treated with topical tacrolimus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005; 30: 305–7.
21. Pacheco D, Travassos AR, de Almeida LS, Silva R, Filipe P. Solitary T-cell pseudolymphoma of the breast, treated by PUVA. Eur J Dermatol. 2013; 23: 397–8.
22. Taylor RB, Fortney JA, Pollack RB, Metcalf JS, Jenrette JM. Radiation therapy for B-cell cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Jpn J Radiol. 2010; 28: 385-7.
23. Tan LS, Oon HH, Lee JS, Chua SH. Successful treatment of tattoo-induced pseudolymphoma with sequential ablative fractional resurfacing followed by Q Switched Nd:YAG 532 nm laser. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2013; 6: 226–8.
24. Mikasa K, Watanabe D, Kondo C, Tamada Y, Matsumoto Y. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acidbased photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a patient with cutaneous pseudolymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 53: 911–2.
25. Moniuszko A, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M, Penza P, Zajkowska J. Borrelial lymphocytoma – a case report of a pregnant woman. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012; 3: 257–8.
26. Moulonguet I, Ghnassia M, Molina T, Fraitag S. Miliarial type perifollicular B-cell pseudolymphoma (lymphocytoma cutis): a misleading eruption in two women. J Cutan Pathol. 2012; 39: 1016–21.
27. Benchikhi H, Bodemer C, Fraitag S, et al. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with thalidomide: report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999; 40: 1005-7.
28. Singletary HL, Selim MA, Olsen E. Subcutaneous interferon alfa for the treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Arch Dermatol. 2012; 148: 572-4.
29. Moulonguet I, Ghnassia M, Molina T, Fraitag S. Miliarial-type perifollicular B-cell pseudolymphoma (lymphocytoma cutis): a misleading eruption in two women. J Cutan Pathol. 2012; 39: 1016–21.
30. Martin SJ, Duvic M. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with the monoclonal antiCD20 antibody rituximab. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011; 11: 286–288.
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Published
2018-12-04
How to Cite
Chairatchaneeboon, M. (2018). Cutaneous Pseudolymphomas. Thai Journal of Dermatology, 34(2), 151–162. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TJD/article/view/158979
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Review article
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