Hypospadias Reoperation

Abstract

Reoperative hypospadias repair is the operation that has lower success rate and higher chance of complication than primary repair. Nowadays, there is no standard technique for hypospadias reopeation but it mostly depending on individual patientsû factors and surgeonsû preferences. Tubularised incised plate and one-stage inlay grafting techniques are increasing in popularity due to their high applicability and single stage operation. Onlay island flap and flip-flap procedures are less commonly performed because of their many restrictions. Two-stage repair is still necessary for some patients especially hypospadias cripples who underwent multiple failed hypospadias repair and have severe penile deformities. The emerging technique such as tissue engineering is still studying in the laboratory room and need more clinical studies in patients.