THE DIFFERENCES OF THE TRAINING SEQUENCES WITH I-SAN FOLK MUSIC LISTENING, IMAGERY, AND SELF-TALK ON EXERCISE ABILITY
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to 1) determine the effects of I-san folk music listening, imagery and combination of both programs on exercise ability, 2) determine the effects of I-san folk music listening, self-talk and combination of both programs on exercise ability, and 3) compare the different levels of exercise ability among sample groups. The samples used in this study were 48 healthy male undergraduate students, aged between 18 - 22 years. Data were collected by testing resting heart rate and exercise before and after participating in training. The samples were divided into 6 groups, with a different sequence of intervention programs 8 samples per group. Group 1: imagery, I-san folk music listening, and combination. Group 2: I-san folk music listening, combination and imagery. Group 3: combination, imagery and I-san folk music listening. Group 4: self-talk, I-san folk music listening, and combination. Group 5: I-san folk music listening, combination and self-talk. Group 6: combination, self-talk and I-san folk music listening. Samples participated in the program once a day, 5 days a week, totally 6 weeks. Significant differences of resting heart rate were found in group 5 samples and significant differences of exercise duration were found in group 1, group 4, and group 6 samples. The length of time for cycling to measure the work of all 6 groups was not different. And after training, there was a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the combination programs significantly increased the exercise duration, especially the different sequences of training.
Article Details
The published article is a copyright of the Academic Journal of Thailand National Sports University. The passage appeared in each article in this academic journal is a perspective of each author which is not related to the journal. Each author is required to be responsible for all components of his/her own article. If there are any mistakes, each author must be responsible for those mistakes on his/her own.
References
Blanchfield, A. W., Hardy, J., De Morree, H. M., Staiano, W., & Marcora, S. M. (2014). Talking yourself out of exhaustion: The effects of self-talk on endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46, 998–1007.
Borg G. A. V. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14, 377-381.
Davin, M. A. (2005). Music’s effect on heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and affect of older women participating in water exercise. (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). University of West Florida, Florida.
Gregg, M., & Hall, C. (2006). The relationship of skill level and age to the use of imagery by golfers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 363-375.
Hardy, J. (2006). Speaking clearly: A critical review of the self-talk literature. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 7, 81–97.
Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Galanis, E., Zourbanos, N., & Theodorakis, Y. (2014). Self-talk and competitive sport performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26, 82–95.
Hayakawa, Y., Miki, H., Takada, K., & Tanaka, K. (2000). Effects of music on mood during bench stepping exercise. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90, 307-314.
Karageorghis, C. I. (2017). Applying music in exercise and sport. (1st ed.). United States: Human Kinetics.
Karageorghis, C. I., Jones, L., & Low, D. C. (2006). Relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo preference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(2), 240-250.
Latinjak, A. T., Font-Lladó, R., Zourbanos, N., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2016). Goal-directed self-talk interventions: A single-case study with an elite athlete. The Sport Psychologist, 30, 189–194.
Madison, G., Paulin, J., & Aasa, U. (2013). Physical and psychological effects from supervised aerobic music exercise. American Journal of Health Behavior, 37, 780-793.
Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors’ pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 118–137.
McCormick, A., Meijen, C., & Marcora, S. (2015). Psychological determinants of whole-body endurance performance. Sports Medicine, 45, 997–1015.
McCormick, A., Meijen, C., & Marcora, S. (2018). Effects of a motivational self-talk intervention for endurance athletes completing an ultramarathon. The Sport Psychologist, 32, 42–50.
Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Perry, C. (2004). Imagery in sport. In T. Morris & J. Summers (Eds.), Sport psychology: Theory, applications and issues. Brisbane, Australia: John Wiley & Sons.
Onnom, E. (2014). Effects of selected music and priming on exercise performance. (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Burapha University.
Papaioannou, A., Ballon, F., Theodorakis, Y., & Auwelle, Y. V. (2004). Combined effect of goal setting and self-talk in performance of a soccer-shooting task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 98, 89–99.
Perkos, S., Theodorakis, Y., & Chroni, S. (2002). Enhancing performance and skill acquisition in novice basketball players with instructional self-talk. The Sport Psychologist, 16, 368–383.
Priest, D. L., Karageorghis, C. I., & Sharp, N. C. (2004). The characteristics and effects of motivational music in exercise settings: the possible influence of gender, age, frequency of attendance, and time of attendance. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44, 77-86.
Rad, L. S., & Hafezi, F. (2013). The effect of motivational music during exercise on the performance of elitefemale swimmers. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 106-110.
Shearer, D. A., Thomson, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Shearer, C. R. (2007). The relationship between imagery type and collective efficacy in elite and non elite athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6, 180-187.
Tenenbaum, G., Lidor, R., Lavyan, N., Morrow, K., Tonnel, S., & Gershgoren, A. (2004). The effect of music type on running perseverance and coping with effort sensations. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(2), 89-109.
Thakur, A. M., & Yardi, S. S. (2013). Effect of different types of music on exercise performance in normal individuals. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(4), 448-451.
Urakawa, K., Yokoyama, K. (2005). Music can enhance exercise-induced sympathetic dominancy assessed by heart rate variability. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 206(3), 213-218.
Wallace, P. J., Mckinlay, B. J., Coletta, N. A., Vlaar, J. I., Taber, M. J., Wilson, P. M., & Cheung, S. S. (2017). Effects of motivational self-talk on endurance and cognitive performance in the heat. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49, 191–199.