IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF ICE WATER IMMERSION AS PRE - COOLING ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND STEP COUNT AMONG AMATEUR YOUNG - ADULT MINIMARATHON RUNNERS

Main Article Content

Rinna Ainul Maghfiroh
Sawitri Wanpen
Orawan Buranruk
Atipong Pimdee
Raoyrin Chanavirut
Udomvit Srikamsuk
Tanarak Punnasiri
Kamonrat Nathonglor
Paramaporn Sangpara
Kurusart Konharn

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of ice water immersion (CWI) on energy expenditure (EE) and step count among amateur young - adult mini marathon runners. They were recruited and divided into 2 groups equally (n = 15), the non - CWI group and the CWI group (n = 15). Non - CWI as the control group performed dynamic stretching and the CWI group were applied by 8 - 10°C cold water immersion for 5 minutes equally. EE and step count were carried out by ActiGraph accelerometer during 16 - minute running on a treadmill. Data analysis was performed by using Paired sample t - test and an independent sample t - test. Results showed a significant decrease in EE of the control group (49.34 vs. 44.23 kcal, p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference in step count (p = 0.57). While it did not find any significant difference in EE among the CWI group (p > 0.05) but in this group, there was a considerable increase in step count (2041.79 vs. 2165.64, p = 0.02). The findings of this study conclude that CWI increased step count which would be associated with the reduction of running speed. But it did not affect any changes in EE.

Article Details

How to Cite
Maghfiroh, R. A. ., Wanpen, S. ., Buranruk, O. ., Pimdee, A. ., Chanavirut, R. ., Srikamsuk, U. ., Punnasiri, T. ., Nathonglor, K. ., Sangpara, P. ., & Konharn, K. . (2023). IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF ICE WATER IMMERSION AS PRE - COOLING ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND STEP COUNT AMONG AMATEUR YOUNG - ADULT MINIMARATHON RUNNERS. Academic Journal of Thailand National Sports University, 15(2), 11–26. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TNSUJournal/article/view/258677
Section
Research Articles

References

Agresta, C. E, Goulet, G. C., Peacock, J., Housner, J., Zernicke, R. F., & Zendler, J. D. (2019). Years of running experience influences stride-to-stride fluctuations and adaptive response during step frequency perturbations in healthy distance runners. Gait Posture, 70, 376 - 382.

Allahbakhshi, H., Conrow, L., Naimi, B., & Weibel, R. (2020). Using accelerometer and GPS data for real-life physical activity type detection. Sensors (Basel), 20(3). doi: 10.3390/s20030588.

Anderson, D., Nunn, J., & Tyler, C. J. (2018). Effect of cold (14° c) vs. ice (5° c) water immersion on recovery from intermittent running exercise. J Strength Cond Res, 32(3), 764 - 771.

Boujezza, H., Sghaier, A., Ben Rejeb, M., Gargouri, I., Latiri, I., & Ben Saad, H. (2018). Effects of cold water immersion on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of young footballers. Tunis Med, 96(2), 107 - 112.

Burke, D. G., MacNeil, S., Holt, L., MacKinnon, N., & Rasmussen, R. (2000). The effect of hot or cold water immersion on isometric strength training. J Strength Cond Res, 14(1), 21 - 25.

Cao, Y., Lei, T. H., Wang, F., Yang, B., & Mündel, T. (2022). Head, face and neck cooling as per - cooling (Cooling During Exercise) modalities to improve exercise performance in the heat: a narrative review and practical applications. Sports Med Open, 8(1).

Carrasco-Poyatos, M., González-Quílez, A., Altini, M., & Granero-Gallegos, A. (2022). Heart rate variability-guided training in professional runners: Effects on performance and vagal modulation. Physiol Behav, 244, 113654. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113654

Casado, A., Hanley, B., Jiménez-Reyes, P., & Renfree, A. (2021). Pacing profiles and tactical behaviors of elite runners. J Sport Health Sci, 10(5), 537 - 549.

Castle, P. C., Macdonald, A. L., Philp, A., Webborn, A., Watt, P. W., & Maxwell, N. S. (2006). Precooling leg muscle improves intermittent sprint exercise performance in hot, humid conditions. J Appl Physiol, 100(4), 1377 - 1384.

Choo, H. C., Peiffer, J. J., Lopes-Silva, J. P., Mesquita, R. N. O., Amano, T., Kondo, N., & Abbiss, C. R. (2019). Effect of ice slushy ingestion and cold water immersion on thermoregulatory behavior. PLoS One, 14(2), e0212966. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212966.

Chow, G.C.C., Chung, J.W.Y., & Fong S.S.M. (2018). Differential effects of post-exercise ice water immersion and room temperature water immersion on muscular performance, vertical jump, and agility in amateur rugby players: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Sports, 33(6), e271 - e279.

Dantas, G., Barros, A., Silva, B., Belém, L., Ferreira, V., Fonseca, A., … & Hérickson, W. (2020). Cold-water immersion does not accelerate performance recovery after 10-km street run: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Res Q Exerc Sport, 91(2), 228 - 238.

De Paula, F., Escobar, K., Ottone, V., Aguiar, P., de Matos, M. A., Duarte, T., … & Amorim, F. (2018). Post-exercise cold-water immersion improves the performance in a subsequent 5-km running trial. Temperature (Austin), 5(4), 359 - 370.

Dissaphon Boobpachat. (2006). Effects of three different warm ups on leg muscle power, flexibility, range of motion, and reaction time (Master’s thesis), Srinakharinwirot University. Retrieved from http://thesis.swu.ac.th/swuthesis/Spo_Coa/Dissaphon_B.pdf

Egaña, M., Jordan, L., & Moriarty, T. (2019). A 2.5 min cold water immersion improves prolonged intermittent sprint performance. J Sci Med Sport, 22(12), 1349 - 1354.

Freedson, P. S., Melanson, E., & Sirard, J. (1998). Calibration of the computer science and applications, Inc. accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30(5), 777 - 781.

Greenwood, A., & Gillette, C. (2017). Effect of cold water immersion on metabolic rate in humans. Int J Kinesiol Sports Sci, 5(2), 1 - 6.

Khonkaenlink. (2017). Khon Kaen news. Retrieved from https://www.khonkaenlink.info/home /news/3706.html

Kiernan, D., Hawkins, D. A., Manoukian, M. A. C., McKallip, M., Oelsner, L., Caskey, C. F., & Coolbaugh, C. L. (2018). Accelerometer-based prediction of running injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association track athletes. J Biomech, 73, 201 - 209.

Lee, S., Hong, G., Park, W., Lee, J., Kim, N., Park, H., & Park, J. (2020). The effect of short-term creatine intake on blood lactic acid and muscle fatigue measured by accelerometer-based tremor response to acute resistance exercise. Phys Act Nutr, 24(1), 29 - 36.

Marino, F. E. (2002). Methods, advantages, and limitations of body cooling for exercise performance. Br J Sports Med, 36(2), 89 - 94.

Marra, M., Di Vincenzo, O., Cioffi, I., Sammarco, R., Morlino, D., & Scalfi, L. (2021). Resting energy expenditure in elite athletes: Development of new predictive equations based on anthropometric variables and bioelectrical impedance analysis derived phase angle. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 18(1).

Mongkonpattasaruk, A., Sinsurin, K., Warathanagassame, P., Sungnak, P., & Suttiwiriyakul, L. (2018). Lower extremity injuries and associated factors in marathon runners: A survey study in Bangkok marathon 2013. J Sports Sci Technol, 18(2), 73 - 80.

O'Driscoll, R., Turicchi, J., Beaulieu, K., Scott, S., Matu, J., Deighton, K., … & Stubbs, J. (2020). How well do activity monitors estimate energy expenditure? A systematic review and meta - analysis of the validity of current technologies. Br J Sports Med, 54(6), 332 - 340.

Rakpuang S. (2019). Marathon in Thailand: Social network and challenges in 21st century. RPJ, 37(1), 7 - 17.

Uckert, S., & Joch, W. (2007). Effects of warm - up and precooling on endurance performance in the heat. Br J Sports Med, 41(6), 380 - 384.

Whelton, P.K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E. Jr, Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., … & Wright, J. T. Jr. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/ NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 71(19), e127 – e248.

Xu, M., Wu, Z., Dong, Y., Qu, C., Xu, Y., Qin, F., ... & Zhao, J. (2021). A mixed - method approach of pre - cooling enhances high - intensity running performance in the heat. J Sports Sci Med, 20(1), 26 - 34.