EFFECTS OF LOW INTENSITY RESISTANCE TRAINING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION ON ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE AND STIFFNESS INDEX: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
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Abstract
The popularity of resistance training has reached new heights in today's sporting society. It's a well-established and effective practice among various practitioners, including sports scientists, coaches, and medical professionals. Among the available techniques, low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) is particularly popular, as it offers an alternative to the traditional high-intensity approach. With its many advantages, such as not requiring high-intensity, BFR has picked the interest of practitioners seeking new training methods. This narrative review aimed 1) to increase awareness about the vascular physiological response to BFR training, 2) to compare the effects of training in term of arterial compliance and stiffness between traditional moderate-to-high-intensity resistance training and low-intensity resistance training with BFR from previous studies. Specifically, it examines whether low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction produced different vascular function responses, and 3) to provide information for decision-making regarding the use of BFR for individuals who are interested in practicing. The reviewed data was gathered from the previous controlled trial studies based on the literature search in PubMed. The findings indicated a noticeable change in arterial compliance and stiffness subsequent to periods of resistance training using a low-intensity approach with BFR protocol. However, this change was observed to differ from the effects commonly observed in traditional resistance training involving moderate-to-high-intensity protocols. The comparative review provided the insight that arterial compliance was either improved or maintained followed the training protocol of low-intensity resistance training with BFR while high-intensity resistance training could potentially increase arterial stiffness after training instead. Practitioners of low-intensity resistance training with BFR should consider using low training volume (e.g. not train to failure) and low-intensity (e.g. 30 - 50%1RM) as a safe training alternative of high-intensity resistance training regardless of the age of trainee.
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