The Development of Health Behavior Modification Model among Risk Group of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension with Self-management Concepts in Phromkhiri District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Abstract

Background : Diabetes and hypertension are chronic noncommunicable diseases that are major public health concerns. These are silent threats that significantly affect global health and mortality rates.

Objective : This study aimed to develop a health behavior modification model based on the self-management concept and evaluate its outcomes of the developed model among individuals at risk of diabetes and hypertension, focusing on blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and waist circumference in Phrom Khiri District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.

Material and methods : The study was divided into four phases: 1) analyzing the problem situation, 2) developing a self-management model for health behavior modification in high-risk groups, 3) implementing the model, and 4)  outcome evaluation. Data were collected using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests.

Result : This research was a self-management model for health behavior modification in high-risk groups of diabetes and hypertension in Phrom Khiri District, named the PKR Model, which was developed. The PKR Model consists of three key components: 1) Setting shared goals for self-management, 2) Developing knowledge and skills, and 3) Building motivation. These elements helped participants modify their behavior and achieve established goals. The results of the trial implementation of the PKR Model indicated that the experimental group had significantly lower mean blood sugar levels and blood pressure than the control group. However, no statistically significant difference was found in waist circumference (p-value > .05). When the PKR Model was expanded for health behavior modification, the overall satisfaction was rated at 96.36%, indicating excellent levels.

Conclusion : The research results will assist community health practice teams in planning health behavior modification to prevent new cases of diabetes and hypertension in the community. These findings also support the strategic planning of community health development in the coming years.