ผลการออกกำลังกายต่อมวลกล้ามเนื้อและสมรรถภาพทางกายในผู้สูงอายุที่มีภาวะมวลกล้ามเนื้อน้อย: การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบ

Chanakan Chitjamnongchai; Kornanong  Yuenyongchaiwat

Authors

Chanakan Chitjamnongchai Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University

Keywords:

older people, sarcopenia, exercise

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia is a major health concern among older adults worldwide, as it is associated with a decline in physical performance and an increased risk of injury. Prevention and management of this condition are therefore of great importance. The most effective treatment for older with sarcopenia is exercise; however, the optimal type, frequency, and intensity of exercise for improving various outcomes remain unclear.

Objective: To systematically review and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of exercise on muscle mass and physical performance among older adults with sarcopenia.

Material and Methods: A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials was conducted across several major databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, reached a consensus on inclusion, and assessed methodological quality using the PEDro scale.

Results: From 336 identified studies, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 820 older adults with sarcopenia. The analysis revealed that exercise interventions, regardless of type, improved muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. In particular, resistance training demonstrated the most significant effects.

Conclusion: Exercise, particularly resistance training, is an effective intervention for improving muscle mass and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. It is recommended to perform resistance exercise 3–4 times per week for at least 12 weeks, with an intensity of 40–60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM).

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