Thailand Framework for Practical Assessment, Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease (DED)
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the common eye diseases leading to patient visits in clinics and causing public health issues. According to a Thailand survey, the prevalence of DED is 14.2%. The main signs and symptoms are grittiness, photophobia, burning, fatigue, or a feeling of heavy eyelids. At present, there is no standard and practical clinical practice guidance for DED diagnosis and treatment in Thailand. Hence, the working group had agreed to develop the Thailand framework for practical assessment, diagnosis, and management of DED through a literature review of evidence-based publications and international guidance. This framework is not legal or compulsory guidance to follow. The physicians can consider the management regarding the context and readiness of each healthcare institute. The summary of recommendations includes the screening by triage questions and/or screen symptomology assessed with medical history. The slit-lamp test and clinical objective tests are recommended to confirm the diagnosis. The evaluation of severity and complications leads to the appropriate treatment plan. The initial treatment is patient education followed by topical and/or oral medications and surgery depending on symptoms, severity, and complications. The follow-up should be appropriately determined regarding the frequency and duration of the symptoms.
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