Beef Tallow Consumption and Health
Keywords:
beef tallow, grass-fed tallow, fatty acid, antioxidantAbstract
Edible beef tallow is off-white in color and its physicochemical properties are in compliance with the Codex Standard for Named Animal Fats. It is composed mainly of saturated fatty acids with some polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although stearic acid is the predominant saturated fatty acid in beef tallow, it has been shown to have a neutral effect on blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The valuable fatty acids found in beef tallow are conjugated linoleic acids, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Furthermore, it has various antioxidant compounds including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and glutathione. The nutritional properties of fatty acids and antioxidants in beef tallow imply that the suitable tallow consumption may prevent diseases such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis. Previous reports have found that grass-fed tallow contains more omega-3, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and conjugated linoleic acids than grain-fed tallow.
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References
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10. Tricon S, Burdge GC, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid on human health-related outcomes. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005;64(2): 171-182.
11. Turpeinen AM, Mutanen M, Aro A, Salminen I, Basu S, Palmquist DL, et al. Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76: 504-510.
12. Griinari JM, Corl BA, Lacy SH, Chouinard PY, Nurmela KV, Bauman DE. Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenoulsy in lactating dairy cows by delta-9 desaturase. J Nutr. 2000;130: 2285-2291.
13. Sehat N, Rickert RR, Mossoba MM, Dramer JKG, Yurawecz MP, Roach JAG, et al. Improved separation of conjugated fatty acid methyl esters by silver ion-highperformance liquid chromatography. Lipids. 1999;34: 407-413.
14. Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. Mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid: Evidence and speculation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000;223(1): 8-13.
15. Schmid A, Collomb M, Sieber R, Bee G. Conjugated linoleic acid in meat and meat products. Meat Sci. 2006;73: 29-41.
16. Clement L, Poirier H, Niot I, Bocher V, Guerre-Millo M, Krief B, et al. Dietary trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulemia and fatty liver in the mouse. J Lipid Res. 2002;43: 1400-1409.
17. Riserus U, Arner P, Brismar K, Vessby B. Treatment with dietary trans 10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2002;25: 1516-1521.
18. Arab A, Akbarian SA, Ghiyasvand R, Miraghajani M. The effects of conjugated linoleic acids on breast cancer: A systematic review. Adv Biomed Res. [Online] 2016;5: 115. PMID: 27512684. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.185573
19. De La Torre A, Debiton E, Juanéda P, Durand D, Chardigny JM, Barthomeuf C, et al. Beef conjugated linoleic acid isomers reduce human cancer cell growth even when associated with other beef fatty acids. Br J Nutr. 2006;95(2): 346-352.
20. Ritzenthaler KL, McGuire MK, Falen R, Shultz TD, Dasgupta N, McGuire MA. Estimation of conjugated linoleic acid intake by written dietary assessment methodologies underestimates actual intake evaluated by food duplicate methodology. J Nutr. 2001;131: 1548-1554.
21. Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu JHY, Appel LJ, Creager MA, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;136: e1-e23. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510
22. Troy DJ, Tiwari BK, Joo S. Health implications of beef intramuscular fat consumption. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. [Online] 2016;36(5): 577-582. doi:10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.577
23. Codex Standard for Named Animal Fats (CODEX-STAN 211 - 1999). SECTION 3. Codex Standard for Fats and Oils from Animal Sources. https://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y2774e/y2774e05.htm. Accessed: October 18, 2019
24. Hwang J. Diets with corn oil and/or low protein increase acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity compared to diets with beef tallow in a rat model. Nutr Res Pract. 2009;3(2): 95-101. doi:10.4162/nrp.2009.3.2.95
25. Smith SB, Gill CA, Lunt DK, Brooks MA. Regulation of fat and fatty acid composition in beef cattle. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2009;22(9): 1225-1233.
26. Williamson CS, Foster RK, Stanner SA, Buttriss JL. Red meat in the diet. BNF Nutr Bull. 2005;30: 323-335.
27. de Almeida JC, Perassolo MS, Camargo JL, Bragagnolo N, Gross JL. Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of beef and chicken meat in Southern Brazil. RBCF Braz J Pharm Sci. 2006;42(1): 109-117.
28. Troy DJ, Tiwari BK, Joo S. Health implications of beef intramuscular fat consumption. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2016;36(5): 577-582. PMID: 27857532. doi:10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.577
29. Partida JA, Olleta JL, Sañudo C, Albertí P, Campo MM. Fatty acid composition and sensory traits of beef fed palm oil supplements. Meat Sci. 2007;76(3): 444-454.
30. Scollan ND, Choi NJ, Kurt E, Fisher AV, Enser M, Wood JD. Manipulating the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle. Br J Nutr. 2001;85(1): 115-124.
31. Silva LP, Joanitti GA, Leite JRSA, Azevedo RB. Comparative study of the antimicrobial activities and mammalian cytotoxicity of 10 fatty acid-rich oils and fats from animal and vegetable. Nat Prod J. 2011;1(1): 40-46. doi:10.2174/2210315511101010040\
32. Wood JD, Ense M, Fisher AV, Nute GR, Sheard PR, Richardson RI, et al. Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci. 2008;78(4): 343-358.
33. Cho KH, Hong JH, Lee KT. Monoacylglycerol (MAG)-oleic acid has stronger antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and protein glycation inhibitory activities than MAG-palmitic acid. J Med Food. 2010;13(1): 99-107. doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.1024
34. Yang ZH, Miyahara H, Hatanaka A. Chronic administration of palmitoleic acid reduces insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in KK-Ay mice with genetic type 2 diabetes. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10: 120. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-10-120.
35. Chowdhury R, Steur M, Patel PS, Franco OH. Handbook of lipids in human function, fatty acids. 1st ed. Academic Press and AOCS Press; 2016.
36. Xu C, Wu P, Gao J, Zhang L, Ma T, Ma B, et al. Heptadecanoic acid inhibits cell proliferation in PC-9 non-small-cell lung cancer cells with acquired gefitinib resistance. Oncol Rep. 2019;41(6): 3499-3507. doi:10.3892/or.2019.7130
37. Chan JK, Bruce VM, McDonald BE. Dietary α-linolenic acid is as effective as oleic acid and linoleic acid in lowering blood cholesterol in normolipidemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53(5): 1230-1234. doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1230
38. Lim J, Oh J, Wang T, Lee J, Kim S, Kim Y, et al. trans-11 18:1 Vaccenic Acid (TVA) has a direct anti-carcinogenic effect on MCF-7 human mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Nutrients. 2014;6(2): 627-636.
39. Rassias G, Kestin M, Nestel PJ. Linoleic acid lowers LDL cholesterol without a proportionate displacement of saturated fatty acid. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991;45(6): 315-320.
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2020-01-02
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Limmatvapirat C. Beef Tallow Consumption and Health. J Chulabhorn Royal Acad [Internet]. 2020 Jan. 2 [cited 2024 Dec. 27];1(2):16-34. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jcra/article/view/222030
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บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของราชวิทยาลัยจุฬาภรณ์
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับราชวิทยาลัยจุฬาภรณ์ และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่น ในราชวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
