The Effects of Multifactorial Fall Prevention Program on Balance, Physical Fitness, and Fear of Falling Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Keywords:
Exercise, Balance, Physical fitness, Fear of falling, Older adultAbstract
Background: Falls are common adverse events, causing considerable morbidity and mortality among older people. Falls are multifactorial but preventable; therefore, reducing fall events requires an effective multifactorial prevention program. This quasi-experimental study was aimed at assessing effects of the multifactorial fall prevention program on balance, physical fitness, and fear of falling (FOF) among older adults in Chonburi communities
Methods: Sixty older adults at-risk of fall were randomly allocated into either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received the fall prevention program for 24 weeks whereas the control group had routine care. Participants’ balance, physical fitness, and fear of falling (FOF) were assessed at baseline (T0) and at the 17th week (T1) and the 25th week (T2). Data gathered were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: Within the intervention group, assessing scores on balance (F (1.82, 52.76) = 49.26, p< .001) and physical fitness at T1 and T2 were significantly higher than at T0 while FOF scores at T1 and T2 were lower than at T0 (F (2, 58) = 35.24, p< .001). Comparing between two groups, the intervention group had higher scores on balance (t = 2.19, p < .05, t = 6.03, p< .001) and physical fitness but lower scores on FOF (t = -4.84, p< .001, t = -7.55, p< .001) at T1 and T2 than the control group while back-scratch (t = 1.43, p > .05, t = 2.56, p < .05) had significantly higher scores than the control group only at T2.
Conclusions: This research showed that the program could improve balance, physical fitness, but reduce FOF levels so that it could effectively promote falls prevention behaviors among older adults. Health care providers should utilize the program in promoting self-care capability for preventing falls among community-dwelling older adults.
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