Andrographis Paniculate : From Integrated Research to Clinical Use as Anti COVID-19
Abstract
ฟ้าทะลายโจรเป็นสมุนไพรที่มีการใช้อย่างแพร่หลายทังในและต่างประเทศ นักวิทยาศาสตร์ได้มีการศึกษาสมุนไพร ชนิดนี้อย่างรอบด้านทั้งด้านการปลูก พฤกษเคมี เคมีคอมพิวเตอร์ อินทรัย์เคมีสังเคราะห์ เภสัชวิทยา พิษวิทยา และ ด้านคลินิก ฟ้าทะลายโจรทั้งชนิดผง และสารสกัดด้วยน้ำ หรือแอลกอฮอล์ มีสารสำคัญคือ Andrographolide (AP1), 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3), Neoandrographolide (AP4) และ 14-Deoxyandrographolide (AP6) และสารอื่น ๆ ซึ่งมีปริมาณน้อยกว่าอีกประมาณ 20 กว่าชนิด สารบริสุทธิ์และสารสกัดฟ้าทะลายโจร มีฤทธิ์ทางเภสัชวิทยาหลากหลาย ที่มีการศึกษามากคือ ฤทธิ์ยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของเซลล์มะเร็ง ยับยั้งจุลชีพ และเชื้อไวรัส ลดน้ำตาล และลดความดันเลือด เป็นต้น ในช่วงที่มีการระบาดของเชื้อไวรัสโควิด-19 นักวิทยาศาสตร์ให้ ความสนใจในการนำฟ้าทะลายโจร ซึ่งมีสารสำคัญคือ Andrographolide และอนุพันธ์ มาทำาการศึกษาอย่างเป็นระบบ เป็นการบูรณาการศาสตร์ต่างๆ เช่น คอมพิวเตอร์เคมี ชีววิทยาระดับโมเลกุล เภสัชวิทยา และพิษวิทยา มีการศึกษา ในหลอดทดลองและการศึกษาในคนจนทราบว่ากลไกการออกฤทธิ คือ ยับยั้งการเพิ่มจำนวนไวรัสโควิด-19 ในหลอด ทดลองและผู้ป่วยในโครงการนำร่องทางคลินิกได้ผลดี มีอาการข้างเคียงในระดับที่ยอมรับได้ ซึ่งต่อมามีการใช้อย่าง กว้างขวางในประเทศไทยเพื่อการรักษาโรคติดเชื้อโควิด-19 ชนิดไม่รุนแรงในโรงพยาบาลสนามและเรือนจำในจังหวัด ต่างๆ ทำให้ช่วยลดภาระของระบบสาธารณสุขของประเทศได้ระดับหนึ่ง
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