Prevalence and factors associated with nephrotic complication in type 2 diabetes patients at Phra Yuen hospital, Khon Kaen province

Abstract

The analytical, unmatched case-control study aimed to study the prevalence of nephrotic complications in type 2 diabetes in the fiscal year 2021 and factors associated with nephrotic complications in type 2 diabetes patients at Phra Yuen hospital, Khon Kaen province. The sample was divided into 2 groups: the control group consisted of 348 diabetic patients, and the comparison group consisted of 176 diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 square meters for 3 consecutive months. Data was collected from the review of medical records in fiscal year 2021 and analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as the chi-square test and multiple regression analysis. The study found that nephrotic complications in type 2 diabetes patients had a prevalence of 7.46% and tended to increase when compared with the fiscal years 2017 - 2020. The factors significantly associated with nephrotic complication included over 60 years of age (OR_adj 5.2 ; 95% CI = 2.83 - 9.55;        p-value <0.01), marital status (OR_adj 0.33 ; 95% CI = 0.17 - 0.64 ; p-value 0.001), Systolic blood pressure > 140 mm.Hg (OR_adj 1.6 ; 95% CI = 1.02 - 2.5 ; p-value 0.042), proteinuria (OR_adj 4.33; 95%  CI = 2.75 - 6.81; p-value < 0.01), duration of illness > 5 years (OR_adj 2.45; 95% CI = 1.32 - 4.56 ; p-value .005), and oral hyperglycemic drug intake (OR_adj 0.41 ; 95% CI = 0.24 - 0.71 ; p-value 0.001) respectively. The results show that the prevalence of nephrotic complications in type 2 diabetes patients tends to increase. Hence, the screening and advice given to people with these risk factors may help slow the occurrence of these complications.