Effects of a Health Literacy Development Program on Self-care Behaviors in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of a health literacy development program on self-care behaviors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Design: Randomized controlled trial design.
Methods: The sample was composed of sixty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged sixty or older from diabetes clinic outpatient department in a super tertiary hospital in Bangkok. They were randomly assigned into two groups by using computerized random blocks with similar gender. Thirty control group received only usual care and 30 experimental group received a health literacy development program via line application for 6 weeks. The Personal Information Record Form, Health Literacy Questionnaire, and Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire for Diabetes Patients were used to collect the data before and at the end of the program. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann Whitney U test.
Main findings: The results of the study found that at pretest, control group and experimental group had moderate self-care behaviors ( = 40.37, SD = 4.66;
= 40.27, SD = 4.93, respectively). At posttest, control group and experimental group had high self-care behaviors (
= 41.10, SD = 5.25;
= 48.14, SD =.64; respectively). The analysis showed that experimental group had a statistically higher mean score of self-care behaviors of posttest than that of pretest and had a higher mean score of self-care behaviors than that of the control group with statistically significance (p < .05).
Conclusion and recommendations: The results of the study revealed that the health literacy development program can affect self-care behaviors of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, nurses should use the health literacy development program via line application in order to improve self-care behaviors of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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