Factors Associated with Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with Hypertension A Systematic Review and Mata-analysis
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Abstract
Purpose: To explore the characteristics of research and synthesize knowledge regarding factors associated with self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension.
Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guideline.
Methods: A search for empirical evidence of quantitative cross-sectional studies published in both Thai and English from January 2014 to August 2024 was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ThaiJO.
Main findings: The search yielded 22 research studies that met quality assessment criteria under the middle-range theory of self-care in chronic illness. The factors associated with self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension were categorized into three groups: (1) problem-related factors including comorbidities, severity of disease, disease duration, and mental health; (2) personal factors including age, gender, education, self-efficiency, income, occupation, attitude, knowledge, and health/illness perception; and (3) environmental factors including community area, social support, and healthcare system.
Conclusion and recommendations: Problem-related, personal, and environmental factors could affect adherence to self-care guidelines. Healthcare teams can use this information to develop self-care behavior promotion programs with consideration of individual differences and access to healthcare services. In education, instructors can use this evidence to teach students the importance of caring for chronic patients. Regarding research, future studies should focus on long-term self-care behaviors covering all three factors to develop more effective care guidelines
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