Factors Predicting Self-Management Behavior among Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Wenzhou, China
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Abstract
Purpose: Effective self-management behavior is essential for improving glycemic control and preventing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to identify key predictors influencing the self-management behavior of patients with uncontrolled T2DM in Wenzhou, China.
Design: A predictive correlational design was used in this study.
Methods: A simple random sampling method was used to enroll 102 patients with T2DM from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China. The study instruments included the Chinese version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire, the T2DM Knowledge Questionnaire, the Chinese Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, and multivariate linear regression analysis.
Main findings: The self-management behavior scores of patients ranged from 10 to 42 ( = 27.34 ± 6.69). The average scores for T2DM knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support were 21.76 ± 6.28, 106.75 ± 26.96, and 32.27 ± 5.78, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of self-management behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (β = .62, p < .001). The model explained approximately 51% of the variance in self-management behaviors (R² = .51), and the overall regression model was statistically significant.
Conclusions and recommendations: Self-efficacy was a strong predictor of self-management behavior among patients with uncontrolled T2DM in Wenzhou. Nursing intervention focusing on self-efficacy enhancement with the integration of diabetes knowledge and social support may effectively strengthen self-management behaviors and improve patient outcomes.
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