Predictive Factors of Diabetes Mellitus Preventive Behaviors Among Pregnant Women at Risk in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
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Abstract
Objective: This predictive study aimed to identify factors associated with diabetes prevention behaviors among pregnant women at risk for diabetes. Methods: The participants of 237 pregnant women at risk for diabetes who received antenatal care at four hospitals in Vientiane, Lao PDR. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling. Data were collected from January to March 2026 using structured questionnaires developed and adapted based on the Health Belief Model. The instruments consisted of eight parts: a demographic data record form and seven questionnaires measuring perceived susceptibility to diabetes, perceived severity of diabetes, perceived benefits of diabetes prevention, perceived barriers to diabetes prevention, self-efficacy in diabetes prevention, social support, and diabetes prevention behaviors questionnaires. The content validity index ranged from .90 to 1.00, and reliability coefficients ranged from .85 to .96. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The study findings revealed that overall diabetes prevention behaviors were at a moderate level (x̄ = 54.58, SD = 5.00). Perceived barriers to diabetes prevention (β = -.40,p < .001), social support (β = .34, p < .001), and self-efficacy for diabetes prevention (β = .16,p = .015) were significant predictors and accounted for 34.8% of the variance in diabetes prevention behaviors (Adj.R² =.348, F(6,230)=21.97, p < .05). Conclusion: Nurses should focus on reducing perceived barriers to diabetes prevention, enhancing self-efficacy, and promoting family support to foster appropriate diabetes preventive behaviors among pregnant women at risk of diabetes.
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