Prevalence survey of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and its related factors by using CTS-6 Evaluation Tools among Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Bangkok Area
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Published:
Dec 24, 2019
Keywords:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Prevalence Motorcycle Taxi Drivers
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Abstract
Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes found in working-age population. Work-related risk factors include forceful hand work, repetition, awkward posture of wrists, frequent flexsion and extension, and vibration. Motorcycle taxi drivers are exposed to forceful hand work combined with twisting of the wrist, and vibration on hands and wrists from the handlebar. We recognized the importance of studying the prevalence of CTS in order to provide advices for prevention of the disease to this population. Objective: To survey the prevalence and related factors of CTS. Methods: The samples were 329 motorcycle taxi drivers registered to Thailand Department of Land Transport in Bangkok. The questionnaire consisted of personal factors, work-related factors, and environmental factors. Diagnosis of CTS was made using the CTS-6 Evaluation tool consisting of 2 symptoms and 4 physical examination criterias. The data gathered were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of CTS in the samples were 20.1%. Significant related factors were female gender [OR 7.14 (95% CI 3.18-16.02)], age>40 years old [OR 1.92 (95% CI 1.06-3.49)], past history of prior jobs exposed to risks such as repetition, vibration, and heavy lifting [OR 1.98 (95% CI 1.10-3.55)] and ≥40 fares/day [OR 2.68 (95% CI 1.37-5.23)]. Conclusion: Since the prevalence in this study was significantly high, we suggest that the Department of Land Transport should include an education regarding the disease, its prevention, and early signs as a part of the application or the renewal of Public Motorcycle Driving License.
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นิพนธ์ต้นฉบับ (Original Article)
References
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26. Fowler JR, Cipolli W, Hanson T. A Comparison of Three Diagnostic Tests for Carpal unnel Syndrome Using Latent Class Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(23):1958-61.
27. Almasi-Doghaee M, Boostani R, Saeedi M, Ebrahimzadeh S, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Saeedi-Borujeni MJ. Carpal compression, Phalen's and Tinel's test: Which one is more suitable for carpal tunnel syndrome? Iran J Neurol. 2016;15(3):173-4.
28. Katz JN, Larson MG, Fossel AH, Liang MH. Validation of a surveillance case definition of arpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(2):189-93.
29. Katz JN, Stirrat CR. A self-administered hand diagram for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1990;15(2):360-3.
30. Graham B, Regehr G, Naglie G, Wright JG. Development and validation of diagnosticriteria for carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(6):919-24.
31. Graham B. The value added by electrodiagnostic testing in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(2):2587-93.
32. Thailand Department of Land Transport. Statistics of public motorcycle drivers in Bangkok area 2016. [Internet]. Bangkok: Thailand Department of Land Transport;2016 [cited 12 March 2018]. Available from: http://apps.dlt.go.th/statistics_web/PublicMotorcycle/PublicMotorcycle2559.pdf
33. Mirbod SM, Yoshida H, Jamali M, Masamura K, Inaba R, Iwata H. Assessment of hand-arm vibration exposure among traffic police motorcyclists. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70(1):22-8.
34. Sabeti-Aschraf M, Serek M, Pachtner T, Auner K, Machinek M, Geisler M, et al. The Enduro motorcyclist's wrist and other overuse injuries in competitive Enduro motorcyclists: a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(5):582-90.
35. Manes HR. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in motorcyclists. Orthopedics 2012;35(5):399-400.
36. Daniel WW. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley;1995.
37. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley;1989.
2. Werner RA. Evaluation of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16(2):207-22.
3. Franzblau A, Werner R, Valle J, Johnston E. Workplace surveillance for carpal tunnel syndrome: A comparison of methods. J Occup Rehabil. 1993;3(1):1-14.
4. Spahn G, Wollny J, Hartmann B, Schiele R, Hofmann GO. Metaanalyse zur Bestimmung von Risikofaktoren für das Karpaltunnelsyndrom (KTS) Teil II. Berufliche Risikofaktoren [Metaanalysis for the evaluation of risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Part II. Occupational risk factors]. Z Orthop Unfall. 2012;150(5):516-24. [German]
5. Chammas M, Boretto J, Burmann LM, Ramos RM, Dos Santos Neto FC, Silva JB. Carpal tunnel syndrome - Part I (anatomy, physiology, etiology and diagnosis). Rev Bras Ortop. 2014;49(5):429-36.
6. Lundborg G. Nerve injury and repair: regeneration, reconstruction, and cortical remodeling. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone; 2005.
7. Ghasemi-rad M, Nosair E, Vegh A, Mohammadi A, Akkad A, Lesha E, et al. A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome: From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment. World J Radiol. 2014;6(6):284-300.
8. Wahab KW, Sanya EO, Adebayo PB, Babalola MO, Ibraheem HG. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Entrapment Neuropathies. Oman Med J. 2017;32(6):449-454.
9. Werner RA, Franzblau A, Gell N, Ulin SS, Armstrong TJ. A longitudinal study of industrial and clerical workers: predictors of upper extremity tendonitis. J Occup Rehabil. 2005;15(1):37-46.
10. Atcheson SG, Ward JR, Lowe W. Concurrent medical disease in work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(14):1506-12.
11. Spahn G, Wollny J, Hartmann B, Schiele R, Hofmann GO. Metaanalyse zur Bestimmung von Risikofaktoren für das Karpaltunnelsyndrom (KTS) Teil I. Allgemeine Risikofaktoren [Metaanalysis for the evaluation of risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Part I. General factors]. Z Orthop Unfall. 2012;150(5):503-15. [German]
12. Garg A, Kapellusch J, Hegmann K, Wertsch J, Merryweather A, Deckow-Schaefer G, et al. The Strain Index (SI) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for Hand Activity Level (HAL): risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in a prospective cohort. Ergonomics 2012;55(4):396-414.
13. Pourmemari MH, Shiri R. Diabetes as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2016;33(1):10-6.
14. Shiri R. Arthritis as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2016;45(5):339-46.
15. Melhorn JM, Talmage JB, Ackerman WE, Hyman MH. AMA Guides to the evaluation of disease and injury causation. Chicago, Illinois: American Medical Association;2013.
16. Tanaka S, Wild DK, Cameron LL, Freund E. Association of occupational and non-occupational risk factors with the prevalence of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome in a national survey of the working population. Am J Ind Med. 1997;32(5):550-6.
17. Pourmemari MH, Viikari-Juntura E, Shiri R. Smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Muscle Nerve. 2014;49(3):345-50.
18. Abbas MA, Afifi AA, Zhang ZW, Kraus JF. Meta-analysis of published studies of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Int J Occup Environ Health. 1998;4(3):160-7.
19. Palmer KT, Harris EC, Coggon D. Carpal tunnel syndrome and its relation to occupation: a systematic literature review. Occup Med (Lond). 2007;57(1):57-66.
20. Barcenilla A, March LM, Chen JS, Sambrook PN. Carpal tunnel syndrome and its relationship to occupation: a meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(2):250-61.
21. You D, Smith AH, Rempel D. Meta-analysis: association between wrist posture and carpal tunnel syndrome among workers. Saf Health Work. 2014;5(1):27-31.
22. Bland JD, Weller P, Rudolfer S. Questionnaire tools for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome from the patient history. Muscle Nerve. 2011;44(5):757-62.
23. Ma H, Kim I. The diagnostic assessment of hand elevation test in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012;52(5):472-5.
24. Buch-Jaeger N, Foucher G. Correlation of clinical signs with nerve conduction tests in the iagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Br. 1994;19(6):720-4.
25. MacDermid JC, Wessel J. Clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2004;17(2):309-19.
26. Fowler JR, Cipolli W, Hanson T. A Comparison of Three Diagnostic Tests for Carpal unnel Syndrome Using Latent Class Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(23):1958-61.
27. Almasi-Doghaee M, Boostani R, Saeedi M, Ebrahimzadeh S, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Saeedi-Borujeni MJ. Carpal compression, Phalen's and Tinel's test: Which one is more suitable for carpal tunnel syndrome? Iran J Neurol. 2016;15(3):173-4.
28. Katz JN, Larson MG, Fossel AH, Liang MH. Validation of a surveillance case definition of arpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(2):189-93.
29. Katz JN, Stirrat CR. A self-administered hand diagram for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1990;15(2):360-3.
30. Graham B, Regehr G, Naglie G, Wright JG. Development and validation of diagnosticriteria for carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(6):919-24.
31. Graham B. The value added by electrodiagnostic testing in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(2):2587-93.
32. Thailand Department of Land Transport. Statistics of public motorcycle drivers in Bangkok area 2016. [Internet]. Bangkok: Thailand Department of Land Transport;2016 [cited 12 March 2018]. Available from: http://apps.dlt.go.th/statistics_web/PublicMotorcycle/PublicMotorcycle2559.pdf
33. Mirbod SM, Yoshida H, Jamali M, Masamura K, Inaba R, Iwata H. Assessment of hand-arm vibration exposure among traffic police motorcyclists. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70(1):22-8.
34. Sabeti-Aschraf M, Serek M, Pachtner T, Auner K, Machinek M, Geisler M, et al. The Enduro motorcyclist's wrist and other overuse injuries in competitive Enduro motorcyclists: a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(5):582-90.
35. Manes HR. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in motorcyclists. Orthopedics 2012;35(5):399-400.
36. Daniel WW. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley;1995.
37. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley;1989.