Efficacy study of 0.5% Sodium nitrate compared with Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. For Reducing nicotine withdrawal symptom of Smoking cessation in IPD at PMNDAT.
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Abstract
Back ground: Nicotine is the main component in tobacco. Abrupt discontinuation of nicotine induces a withdrawal symptoms that occur peak on approximately the 3rd day and gradually resolved within 3–4 weeks. We used individual counselling combine with quit smoking medications, non-Nicotine replacement therapy: 0.5% Sodium nitrate and Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less (Prep. sprays), to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cigarette cravings. Objective: 1. To evaluate the efficacy of 0.5% sodium nitrate compare with Veronia cinerea (L.) Less. to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving smoking cessation. 2. To evaluate the safety of between 0.5% Sodium nitrate and Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Prep. sprays). Methods: The participants of IPD in the PMNDAT were 70 in 2 groups, each adjuncted with individual counseling for 4 weeks in combination with receiving 0.5% Sodium nitrate and Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Prep. sprays). Follow-up at 1st, 2nd and 4th week. Result: The results showed that 0.5% Sodium nitrate reduced smoking urges factor 1 (Positive Reinforcement) better than Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Prep. sprays). (p-value = 0.047). But smoking urges factor 2 (Relief Negative Symptom) and the two factors, the result was not different (p-value 0.395,p-value = 0.503). In withdrawal symptoms, Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Prep. sprays) no increased appetite and no body weight gain were better than 0.5% Sodium nitrate group (p-value 0.001). Others were not different (p-value> 0.05). However, throughout the study, no serious side effects were observed. And adverse reactions of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Prep. sprays) (dry throat and coughing) more than 0.5% Sodium nitrate (p-value = 0.032 and 0.006 respectively). Conclusion: Both 0.5% Sodium nitrate and Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. could reduce craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms. 0.5% Sodium nitrate can reduce smoking urges in factor 1 better than the Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.
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