The environmental contaminate and drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infection in hospital settings
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the quantities and types of drug-resistant nosocomial pathogenic bacteria in indoor air and high-touch surfaces at Vajira Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University. Determine the associated between bacterial load, type, and physical variables with the prevalence of drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections. A total of 442 air samples and 1,212 surface swab samples were taken from 41 hospital wards. The air samples were collected by MAS-100® impactor. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and poisson regression to determine the associated between risk factors with drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections at a significance level of p < .05. The results showed Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) was the most frequent drug-resistant bacteria found in air and high-touch surfaces. The highest contamination of drug-resistant in the air and on high-touch surfaces was discovered in MWs. The most often contaminated samples were from blood pressure cuffs. Furthermore, the number of drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections who use invasive medical devices was nine, the infection rate was 0.67 times per 1,000 days of a patient admitted. Drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections were significantly related to CRAB contamination in air and high-touch surfaces, the number of healthcare workers, and relative humidity in inpatient wards (p<.001). These findings contribute to the development of a guideline for reducing hospital-acquired infection.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวชิรสารการพยาบาลถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรง ซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใด ๆ ทั้งสิ้น
บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวชิรสารการพยาบาล ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวชิรสารการพยาบาล หากบุคคลใดหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด ๆ จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักอักษรจากวชิรสารการพยาบาลก่อนเท่านั้น
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) [Internet].2016 [cited 10April 2019] Available from:https:// www.cdc.gov/hai/infection types.html
Allegranzi B, Nejad SB, Combescure C, Graafmans W, Atta H, Donaldson L, et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2011; 377 (9761): 228-41.
Ling ML, Apisarnthanarak A, Madriaga G. The burden of Healthcare-associated infections in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60(11): 1690-99.
Manosuthi W, Thientone V, Moolasart V, Tongrungrueng Y, Sangsajja, Danchaivijitr S. Healthcare-associated infections at selected hospitals in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2017; 48 (1): 204-12.
Haque M, Sartelli M, McKimm J, Bakar MA. Healthcare-associated infections –an overview. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11: 2321-33
Tacconelli E, Cataldo MA, Dancer SJ, Angelis GD, Falcone M, Frank U. ESCMID guidelines for the management of the infection control measures to reduce transmission of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 (s): 1-55.
Sumpradit N, Suttajit S, Poonplosup S, Chuancheun R, Prakongsai P. Landscape of antimicrobial resistance situation and action in Thailand. Bangkok: Aksorn graphic and design; 2558.
Phumart P, Phodha T, Thamlikitkul V, Riewpaiboon A, Prakongsai P, Limwattananon S. Health and economic impacts of antimicrobial resistant infections in Thailand: a preliminary study. JHSR 2012; 6: 352-60.
Jeong JY. Recently issues on indoor air quality in Korea [Internet]. 2015 [cited 10 May 2019]. Available from: https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/ edb2/7018fc8586ed8754df50d5afc 8af5d226d51.pdf.
Rozanska A, Romaniszyn D, Chmielarczyk A, Bulanda M. Bacteria contamination of touch surfaces in Polish hospital wards. Med Pr 2017; 68(4): 459-67.
Yassin MF, Almouqatea S. Assessment of airborne bacteria and fungi in an indoor and outdoor environment. Int J Environ Sci Tech 2010; 7: 535-44.
Khan HA, Baig FK, Mehboob R. Nosocomial infections: Epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017; 7(5): 478-82.
Gizaw Z, Gebrehiwot M, Yenew C. High bacterial load of indoor air in hospital wards: the case of University of Gondar teaching hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Multidiscip Respir Med 2016;11:24.
Munoz-Price S, Fajardo-Aquino Y, Arheart K, Cleary T, DePascale D, Pizano L, et al. Aerosolization of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Trauma ICU. Crit Care Med 2013; 41 (8): 1915-8.
Solomon FB, Wadilo F, Tufa EG, Mitiku M. Extended spectrum and metalo beta- lactamase producing airborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii in restricted settings of a referral hospital: a neglected condition. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6: 1-7.
Creamer E, Shore AC, Deasy EC, Galvin S, Dolan A, Walley N, et al. Air and surface contamination patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on eight acute hospital wards. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86(3): 201-8.
Sui W, Wang J, Wang H, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhuo J, et al. Comparing the transmission potential of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among inpatients using target environmental monitoring. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41: 411-5.
Yosboonruang A, Jitsatthra C, Tharawet L. Incidence of resistant bacteria isolated from medical devices in the intensive care unit of a hospital.J Public Health (Bangkok) 2017; 47: 222-34.
Muzslay M, Moore G, Turton JF, Wilson AP. Dissemination of antibiotic-resistant enterococci within the ward environment: The role of airborne bacteria and the risk posed by unrecognized carriers. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41(1): 57-60.
Rocha IV, Xavier DE, Almeida KRH, Oliveira SR, Leal NC. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones persist on hospital inanimate surfaces. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22(5): 438-41.
Smith J, Adams CE, King MF, Noakes CJ, Robertson C, Dancer SJ. Is there an association between airborne and surface microbes in the critical care environment?. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100(3): e123-9.
Russotto V, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Giarratano A. Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care 2015; 3: 54.