The environmental contaminate and drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infection in hospital settings
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the quantities and types of drug-resistant nosocomial pathogenic bacteria in indoor air and high-touch surfaces at Vajira Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University. Determine the associated between bacterial load, type, and physical variables with the prevalence of drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections. A total of 442 air samples and 1,212 surface swab samples were taken from 41 hospital wards. The air samples were collected by MAS-100® impactor. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and poisson regression to determine the associated between risk factors with drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections at a significance level of p < .05. The results showed Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) was the most frequent drug-resistant bacteria found in air and high-touch surfaces. The highest contamination of drug-resistant in the air and on high-touch surfaces was discovered in MWs. The most often contaminated samples were from blood pressure cuffs. Furthermore, the number of drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections who use invasive medical devices was nine, the infection rate was 0.67 times per 1,000 days of a patient admitted. Drug-resistant nosocomial bacterial infections were significantly related to CRAB contamination in air and high-touch surfaces, the number of healthcare workers, and relative humidity in inpatient wards (p<.001). These findings contribute to the development of a guideline for reducing hospital-acquired infection.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The content and information presented in articles published in the Vajira Nursing Journal reflect the views and responsibilities of the authors exclusively. The editorial board does not necessarily agree with or share any responsibility for these views.
All articles, information, content, images, etc., published in the Vajira Nursing Journal are the copyright of the journal. Any individual or organization wishing to reproduce, disseminate, or use any part or entirety of the published material must obtain prior written permission from the Vajira Nursing Journal.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) [Internet].2016 [cited 10April 2019] Available from:https:// www.cdc.gov/hai/infection types.html
Allegranzi B, Nejad SB, Combescure C, Graafmans W, Atta H, Donaldson L, et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2011; 377 (9761): 228-241.
Ling ML, Apisarnthanarak A, Madriaga G. The burden of Healthcare-associated infections in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60(11): 1690-1699.
Manosuthi W, Thientone V, Moolasart V, Tongrungrueng Y, Sangsajja, Danchaivijitr S. Healthcare-associated infections at selected hospitals in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2017; 48 (1): 204-212.
Haque M, Sartelli M, McKimm J, Bakar MA. Healthcare-associated infections –an overview. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11: 2321-2333
Tacconelli E, Cataldo MA, Dancer SJ, Angelis GD, Falcone M, Frank U. ESCMID guidelines for the management of the infection control measures to reduce transmission of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 (s): 1-55.
Sumpradit N, Suttajit S, Poonplosup S, Chuancheun R, Prakongsai P. Landscape of antimicrobial resistance situation and action in Thailand. Bangkok: Aksorn graphic and design; 2558.
Phumart P, Phodha T, Thamlikitkul V, Riewpaiboon A, Prakongsai P, Limwattananon S. Health and economic impacts of antimicrobial resistant infections in Thailand: a preliminary study. JHSR 2012; 6: 352-360.
Jeong JY. Recently issues on indoor air quality in Korea [Internet]. 2015 [cited 10 May 2019]. Available from: https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/ edb2/7018fc8586ed8754df50d5afc 8af5d226d51.pdf.
Rozanska A, Romaniszyn D, Chmielarczyk A, Bulanda M. Bacteria contamination of touch surfaces in Polish hospital wards. Med Pr 2017; 68(4): 459-467.
Yassin MF, Almouqatea S. Assessment of airborne bacteria and fungi in an indoor and outdoor environment. Int J Environ Sci Tech 2010; 7: 535-544.
Khan HA, Baig FK, Mehboob R. Nosocomial infections: Epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017; 7(5): 478-482.
Gizaw Z, Gebrehiwot M, Yenew C. High bacterial load of indoor air in hospital wards: the case of University of Gondar teaching hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Multidiscip Respir Med 2016;11:24.
Munoz-Price S, Fajardo-Aquino Y, Arheart K, Cleary T, DePascale D, Pizano L, et al. Aerosolization of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Trauma ICU. Crit Care Med 2013; 41 (8): 1915-1918.
Solomon FB, Wadilo F, Tufa EG, Mitiku M. Extended spectrum and metalo beta- lactamase producing airborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii in restricted settings of a referral hospital: a neglected condition. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6: 1-7.
Creamer E, Shore AC, Deasy EC, Galvin S, Dolan A, Walley N, et al. Air and surface contamination patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on eight acute hospital wards. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86(3): 201-208.
Sui W, Wang J, Wang H, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhuo J, et al. Comparing the transmission potential of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among inpatients using target environmental monitoring. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41: 411-415.
Yosboonruang A, Jitsatthra C, Tharawet L. Incidence of resistant bacteria isolated from medical devices in the intensive care unit of a hospital.J Public Health (Bangkok) 2017; 47: 222-234.
Muzslay M, Moore G, Turton JF, Wilson AP. Dissemination of antibiotic-resistant enterococci within the ward environment: The role of airborne bacteria and the risk posed by unrecognized carriers. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41(1): 57-60.
Rocha IV, Xavier DE, Almeida KRH, Oliveira SR, Leal NC. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones persist on hospital inanimate surfaces. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22(5): 438-441.
Smith J, Adams CE, King MF, Noakes CJ, Robertson C, Dancer SJ. Is there an association between airborne and surface microbes in the critical care environment?. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100(3): e123-9.
Russotto V, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Giarratano A. Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care 2015; 3: 54.
